Sains Malaysiana 45(1)(2016): 135–140

Phototrophic Purple Bacteria as Feed Supplement on the Growth, Feed Utilization and Body Compositions of Malaysian Mahseer, Tor tambroides Juveniles

(Bakteria Fototrofik Ungu sebagai Makanan Tambahan kepada Pertumbuhan, Penggunaan

Makanan dan Komposisi Badan Kelah Malaysia, Juvenil Tor tambroides)

AHMED JALAL KHAN CHOWDHURY¹*, NOR HAFIZAH ZAKARIA², ZAIMA AZIRA ZAINAL ABIDIN² & MOHAMMAD MUSTAFIZUR RAHMAN¹

¹Marine Science Department, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Ahmad, Bandar Indera Mahkota, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur, Malaysia

²Department of Biotechnology, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Ahmad, Bandar Indera Mahkota, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur, Malaysia

Diserahkan: 18 Julai 2014/Diterima: 20 November 2014

ABSTRACT

The application of microbial techniques in aquaculture has been playing a vital role to increase the production yield by improving the nutritional values of the targeted fish. Phototrophic purple bacteria as single cell protein (SCP) appears to be a promising substitution for protein rich supplement for aquaculture feeds making them a promising growth enhancer in aquaculture industry. Two species of phototrophic purple bacteria, Marichromatium sp. and Rhodopseudomonas sp. were used in the commercial diet to compare the growth, survival rate and feed utilizationon for Tor tambroides juvenile. Purple bacteria were isolated from mangrove sediment and fish tank and mass cultured using 112 synthetic media under anaerobic light condition. Bacterial cells were included in the diets by mixing the fresh biomass with the crushed commercial pellet, re-pelleted and air-dried. The experimental diets were fed to the fingerlings twice per day for 10 weeks to satiation level. The results showed that there were trends of increased growth, better survival rate and improved feed conversion ratio when fed with diet 1 (Marichromatium sp.) compared with other diets. There was significant difference (p<0.05) between the sampling days. The specific growth rate and weight gain of the fish fed with diet 1 were 0.49 % and 4.92 g, respectively, compared to 0.42% and 4.11 g from the control. This study suggested that purple bacteria could be used in feed formulation as a supplement to promote growth and survival of freshwater fishes in Malaysia.

Keywords: Feed supplement; Malaysian Mahseer; phototrophic purple bacteria; Tor tambroides, 112 synthetic media

ABSTRAK

Penerapan teknik mikrob dalam akuakultur telah memainkan peranan yang penting untuk meningkatkan hasil pengeluaran dengan meningkatkan nilai-nilai pemakanan ikan yang disasarkan. Protein sel tunggal (SCP) daripada bakteria ungu fototrofik digunakan sebagai pengganti untuk makanan tambahan yang kaya dengan protein sebagai makanan akuakultur yang menjanjikan penambah yang baik untuk pembiakan di dalam industri akuakultur. Dua spesies bakteria ungu fototrofik Marichromatium sp. dan Rhodopseudomonas sp. Digunakan dalam diet komersial untuk membandingkan tumbesaran, kelangsungan hidup dan penggunaan makanan untuk juvenile Tor tambroides. Bakteria ungu telah diasingkan daripada sedimen bakau dan akuarium ikan dan dibiakkan menggunakan 112 media sintetik di bawah keadaan cahaya anaerobik. Sel bakteria dimasukkan ke dalam diet dengan mencampurkan biojisim segar dengan pelet komersial dihancurkan, dipeletkan dan dikeringkan. Diet uji kaji telah diberi kepada ikan dua kali sehari selama 10 minggu ke tahap kekenyangan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa terdapat kecenderungan pertumbuhan meningkat, kadar kelangsungan hidup yang lebih baik dan nisbah penukaran makanan yang lebih baik ketika diberi makan dengan diet 1 (Marichromatium sp.) berbanding dengan diet yang lain. Terdapat perbezaan bererti (p<0.05) antara hari-hari persampelan. Kandungan kadar pertumbuhan dan pertambahan berat badan ikan yang diberi makan dengan diet 1 ialah masing-masing 0.49% dan 4.92 g berbanding dengan 0.42% dan 4.11 g daripada kawalan. Kajian ini mencadangkan bahawa bakteria ungu boleh digunakan dalam rumusan makanan sebagai tambahan untuk menggalakkan pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup ikan air tawar di Malaysia.

Kata kunci: Bakteria ungu fototrofik; Mahseer Malaysia; makanan tambahan; media sintetik 112; Tor tambroides

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: jkchowdhury@iium.edu.my