Sains Malaysiana 45(2)(2016): 229–235

Evaluation of Antioxidant Properties, Cytotoxicity and Acute Oral Toxicity of

Gynura procumbens (Compositae)

(Penilaian Sifat Kesitotoksikan, Sitotoksiti dan Ketoksikan Oral Akut

Gynura procumbens (Compositae))

Wuen Yew Teoh¹, Norhanom Abdul Wahab², Jaime Stella Moses Richardson¹ & Kae Shin Sim*¹

¹Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya,

50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

²Biology Division, Centre for Foundation Studies in Science, University of Malaya,

50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Diserahkan: 10 Februari 2015/Diterima: 5 Ogos 2015

ABSTRACT

Gynura procumbens which is locally known as 'Sambung nyawa' in Malay and 'Feng Wei Jian' in Chinese, belongs to the botanical family of Compositae. In this study, antioxidant property of G. procumbens extracts was evaluated using DPPH radical scavenging, metal chelating and β-carotene bleaching assays. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that evaluated the cytotoxicity of G. procumbens extracts on human colon cancer cells (HT-29, HCT 116, HCT-15, SW480, Caco-2) and human normal colon cells (CCD-18Co). The results showed that ethyl acetate extract contained the highest total phenolic content (172.68 mg of GAEs/g of extract) compared to methanol, hexane and water extracts. Methanol extract possessed better overall antioxidant activities while ethyl acetate extract demonstrated better cytotoxic activity. At 24 h treatment, ethyl acetate extract demonstrated selective cytotoxicity against HT-29 and HCT 116 cells with IC50 values of 35.7 and 42.6 μg/mL, respectively. In addition, methanol extract showed negligible level of toxicity when administered orally. All the results indicated that G. procumbens may provide benefits in prevention and treatment of cancer.

Keywords: Acute oral toxicity; antioxidant; cytotoxic; Gynura procumbens

ABSTRAK

Gynura procumbens yang dikenali sebagai 'Sambung nyawa' dalam kalangan populasi Melayu dan 'Feng Wei Jian' dalam kalangan populasi Cina, tergolong dalam keluarga botani Compositae. Dalam kajian ini, aktiviti antioksidan ekstrak G. procumbens dinilai dengan asai DPPH penyah radikal, pengkelatan logam dan pelunturan β-karotena. Sepanjang pengetahuan kami, ini adalah laporan pertama yang menilai sitotoksiti ekstrak G. procumbens terhadap sel kanser kolon manusia (HT-29, HCT 116, HCT-15, SW480, Caco-2) dan sel biasa kolon manusia (CCD-18Co). Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa ekstrak etil asetat mengandungi jumlah kandungan fenolik yang paling tinggi (172.68 mg GAEs/g ekstrak) berbanding dengan ekstrak metanol, heksana dan air. Ekstrak metanol mempunyai aktiviti antioksidan yang lebih baik secara keseluruhan manakala ekstrak etil asetat menunjukkan aktiviti sitotoksik yang lebih baik. Dalam perlakuan 24 jam, ekstrak etil asetat menunjukkan kesitotoksikan memilih terhadap HT-29 dan HCT 116 sel dengan nilai IC50 masing-masing 35.7 dan 42.6 μg/mL. Tambahan pula, ekstrak metanol menunjukkan tahap ketoksikan akut yang boleh diabaikan apabila dimakan. Semua keputusan tersebut menunjukkan G. procumbens boleh memberi manfaat dalam pencegahan dan rawatan kanser.

Kata kunci: Antioksidan; Gynura procumbens; ketoksikan oral akut; kesitotoksikan

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: simkaeshin@um.edu.my