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Sains Malaysiana 45(3)(2016): 383–392 Improving the Productivity of Acid
Sulfate Soils for Rice Cultivation using Limestone, Basalt, Organic
Fertilizer and/or their Combinations (Meningkatkan Produktiviti Tanah Asid Sulfat
Tanaman Padi menggunakan Batu Kapur, Basalt, Baja Organik dan/atau Gabungannya) J. SHAMSHUDDIN*,
Q.A.
PANHWAR,
M.A.R.S.
SHAZANA,
A.A.
ELISA,
C.I.
FAUZIAH
& U.A.
NAHER Department
of Land Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400
Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia Diserahkan:
23 Januari 2015/Diterima: 23 September 2015 ABSTRACT Acid sulfate soils are generally
not suitable for the crop production unless they are efficiently
improved. A study was conducted to improve the productivity of
acid sulfate soils for rice cultivation using ground magnesium
limestone (GML),
basalt and organic fertilizer. The study was conducted on rice
in laboratory, glasshouse and field. The pH of acid sulfate soils
was low and exchangeable Al was very high which affected rice
growth. The application of GML and
basalt increased soil pH and reduced Al toxicity. GML required
to ameliorate the soils for rice cultivation was 4 t ha-1.
Basalt in combination with organic fertilizer was a good soil
amendment, but required to be applied a few months ahead of rice
cultivation. Due to GML
or basalt application, rice plants grew well even
though water pH was below 5. The highest rice yield obtained was
4.0 t ha-1 season-1 for
Sulfaquepts and it was 7.5 t ha-1 season-1 for
Sulfosaprists. In general, the application of GML or
basalt in combination with organic fertilizer improved the productivity
of acid sulfate soils and consequently enhanced rice yield. Keywords: Acid sulfate soil;
aluminum toxicity; iron toxicity; rice production; soil amendments ABSTRAK Asid tanah sulfat secara amnya
tidak sesuai untuk pengeluaran tanaman kecuali ditambah baik secara
cekap. Suatu kajian telah dijalankan untuk meningkatkan produktiviti
tanah sulfat asid untuk penanaman padi menggunakan batu kapur
magnesium (GML),
basalt dan baja organik. Kajian telah dijalankan ke atas tanaman
padi di dalam makmal, rumah kaca dan lapangan. pH tanah adalah
rendah dan pertukaran Al yang sangat tinggi memberi kesan kepada
pertumbuhan padi. Aplikasi GML dan
basalt ini meningkatkan pH tanah dan mengurangkan ketoksikan Al.
GML
yang diperlukan untuk memperbaiki tanah bagi penanaman
padi adalah 4 t ha-1.
Gabungan basalt dengan baja organik adalah baik untuk memperbaiki
keadaan tanah tetapi perlu diletakkan beberapa bulan lebih awal
sebelum padi ditanam. Penggunaan GML dan basalt menyebabkan tanaman padi menbesar dengan
baik walaupun pH air adalah di bawah 5. Untuk Sulfaquepts, hasil
padi tertinggi yang diperoleh ialah 4.0 t ha-1 musim-1 manakala
bagi Sulfosaprists adalah 7.5 t ha-1 musim-1.
Pada amnya, aplikasi GML atau basalt bersama baja organik
akan meningkatkan produktiviti tanah asid sulfat sekaligus meningkatkan
hasil padi. Kata kunci: Ketoksikan aluminium; ketoksikan ferum; penambahbaikan
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Accessed on 6th June 2014. *Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat;
email: shamsud@upm.edu.my
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