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Sains Malaysiana 45(9)(2016): 1299–1310 Memory Enhancement in Rats by Soybean
and Tempeh Extracts is Associated with Improved Cholinergic
and Reduced Neuroinflammatory Activities (Peningkatan
Daya Ingatan dalam
Tikus oleh Ekstrak Soya dan Tempeh dikaitkan dengan Peningkatan Aktiviti
Kolinergik dan
Pengurangan Aktiviti Keradangan) ALIA
HAMAD1,
VASUDEVAN
MANI1,2,4*, KALAVATHY RAMASAMY1,2,
SIONG
MENG
LIM1,2
& ABU
BAKAR
ABDUL
MAJEED1,2 1Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 42300
Bandar Puncak Alam,
Selangor, Darul
Ehsan, Malaysia 2Brain Degeneration and Therapeutics
Group, Pharmaceutical & Life Sciences Community of Research
(CoRe), Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam,
Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia 3Collaborative Drug Discovery Research
(CDDR) Group, Pharmaceutical & Life Sciences Community of Research
(CoRe), Universiti
Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam,
Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia 4Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology,
College of Pharmacy, Qassim University,
Buraidah Kingdom
of Saudi Arabia Diserahkan: 2 Disember
2015/Diterima: 3 Mei 2016 ABSTRACT The continued progression of
neurodegeneration may result in dementia. The present study compared
the neuroprotective activities between soybean and tempeh
extracts in rats. The extracts were administered orally at 10,
20 and 40 mg/kg for 15 days. Radial arm maze and elevated plus maze
served as exteroceptive behavioural models
for memory measuring. Brain cholinergic activities (acetylcholine
and acetylcholinesterase) and neuroinflammatory
related cytokines interleukin 1β and interleukin-10 were also
tested. Soybean and tempeh extracts significantly improved
memory, but overall 40 mg/kg tempeh showed better improvement
(p<0.05). The tempeh extracts at 20 and 40 mg/kg
exhibited a significant (p<0.05) increase and decrease
in the level of acetylcholine and acetylcholinesterase activities,
respectively. Tempeh extract (40 mg/kg) resulted in greater
reduction (p<0.05) of inflammation than soybean extract.
Altogether, tempeh extract may be beneficial in the management
and prevention of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. Keywords: Cholinergic; memory;
neuroinflammation; soybean; Tempeh ABSTRAK Neurodegradasi yang berlanjutan boleh
menyebabkan penyakit
demensia. Kajian ini
membandingkan keupayaan
ekstrak soya dan tempeh untuk melindungi otak menggunakan tikus. Ekstrak tersebut telah
diberi secara
oral pada 10, 20 dan 40 mg/kg selama 15 hari. Pengukuran daya
ingatan dijalankan
dengan menggunakan pagar sesat bentuk
jejari dan pagar sesat bersilang
tinggi yang merupakan
model rangsangan persekitaran.
Aktiviti
kolinergik otak (asetilkolina dan asetilkolinesterase) dan sitokin yang berkaitan dengan keradangan otak IL-1β dan
IL10
turut diuji.
Ekstrak soya dan tempeh mampu meningkatkan daya ingatan, namun 40 mg/kg ekstrak tempeh menunjukkan peningkatan daya ingatan yang paling ketara (p<0.05). Ekstrak tempeh (20 dan 40 mg/kg) menunjukkan peningkatan dan penurunan yang berkesan (p<0.05) dalam aktiviti asetilkolina (p<0.05) dan asetilkolinesterase. Ekstrak tempeh 40 mg/kg mengurangkan keradangan (p<0.05) yang lebih
ketara berbanding
dengan ekstrak soya. Sebagai kesimpulan, ekstrak tempeh mungkin berkesan mencegah demensia dan juga penyakit Alzheimer.
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untuk surat-menyurat;
email: vasudevan@puncakalam.uitm.edu.my
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