Sains Malaysiana 46(4)(2017): 545–551

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2017-4604-05

Condition Index of Meretrix lyrata (Sowerby 1851) and Its Relationship with Water Parameter in Sarawak

(Indeks Keadaan Meretrix lyrata (Sowerby 1851) dan Hubungannya dengan Paramater Air

di Sarawak)

HADI HAMLI*, MOHD HANAFI IDRIS, AMY HALIMAH RAJAEE, ABU HENA MUSTAFA KAMAL & MOHAMMAD NESARUL HOQUE

Department of Animal Science and Fishery, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Sarawak Campus, Nyabau Road, P.O. Box 396, 97008 Bintulu, Sarawak Bumi Kenyalang, Malaysia

Diserahkan: 28 Ogos 2014/Diterima: 10 September 2016

ABSTRACT

Condition Index (CI) was used to estimate the reproductive biology cycle of the hard clam Meretrix lyrata based on dry body weight and shell weight. High CI value was observed due to the increase in the body weight of the hard clam that corresponding to the maturity stage and early spawning. The CI value of M. lyrata from Buntal Village, Kuching, Sarawak showed three highest peaks during the 12-month study on May and October 2013 and March 2014. The lowest CI values were obtained in September and November 2013 and April 2014. Ammonia nitrogen was the only water parameter that significantly correlated to the CI values. The CI application is important to estimate the maturity of hard clam gonad to facilitate conservation activity through the hard clam harvesting out of the gonad maturation and spawning period.

Keywords: Ammonia; condition Index; gonad maturation; Meretrix lyrata; Sarawak

ABSTRAK

Indeks keadaan (CI) digunakan untuk menganggar kitaran biologi pembiakan kekima Meretrix lyrata berdasarkan berat badan dan berat cengkerang. Nilai CI yang tinggi adalah disebabkan oleh peningkatan berat badan kekima keras yang sepadan terhadap biologi pembiakan pada peringkat matang dan permulaan bertelur. Nilai CI M. lyrata dari Kampung Buntal, Kuching, Sarawak mempunyai tiga puncak tertinggi dalam tempoh 12 bulan kajian, iaitu pada Mei dan Oktober 2013 serta Mac 2014. Nilai CI terendah diperhatikan pada September dan November 2013 serta April 2014. Hanya parameter air nitrogen ammonia didapati berkait secara ketara dengan nilai CI. Aplikasi CI adalah penting untuk menganggar kematangan gonad kekima keras bagi memudahkan aktiviti pemeliharaan melalui penuaian kekima keras selain daripada masa kematangan gonad dan bertelur.

Kata kunci: Ammonia; indeks keadaan; kematangan gonad; Meretrix lyrata; Sarawak

RUJUKAN

Abdel-Baki, A-A.S., Al-Quraishy, S., Dakhil, M.A., Oliveira, E., Casal, G. & Azevedo, C. 2014. Perkinsus sp. (Alveolata: Perkinsidae) from Arabian Gulf: Ultrastructural observation of the trophozoites and the cellular response of the host. ACTA Protozoologica 53: 215-221.

Adjei-Boateng, D. & Wilson, J.G. 2013. Body condition and gametogenic cycle of Galatea paradoxa (Mollusca: Bivalvia) in the Volta River Estuary, Ghana. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 132: 94-98.

Azimah, A.R., Idris, M.H., Abu Hena, M.K., Wong, S.K. & Arshad, A. 2013. Analysis of condition index in Polymesoda expansa (Mousson, 1849). Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 15(13): 629-634.

Azmi, N., Mazlan, A.G. & Zaidi, C.C. 2014. Apicomplexa-like parasites of economically important bivalves from Merambong shoal, Johor. Malayan Nature Journal 66(1&2): 108-120.

Broom, M.J. 1985. The biology and culture of marine bivalves molluscs of genus Anadara. ICLARM Studies and Reviews 12: 37.

Ceballos-Vazquez, B.P., Arellani-Martinez, M., Garcia- Dominguez, F. & Villalejo-Fuerte, M. 2000. Reproductive cycle of rugosa pen shell Pinna rugosa, Sowerby, 1835 (Mollusca: Bivalvia) from Bahia Concepcion, Gulf of California and its relation to temperature and photoperiod. Journal of Shellfish Research 19(1): 95-99.

Davenport, J. & Chen, X. 1987. A comparison of methods for the assessment of condition in mussel (Mytilus edlis L.). Journal of Molluscan Study 53: 293-297.

Darriba, S., Juan, F.S. & Guerra, A. 2005. Energy storage and utilization in relation to the reproductive cycle in the razor clam Ensis arcuatus (Jeffreys, 1865). ICES Journal of Marine Science 62: 886-896.

Dobson, M. & Frid, C. 2008. Ecology of Aquatic System. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Gosling, E. 2003. Bivalve Mollusc: Biology, Ecology and Culture. New York: Wiley-Blackwell.

Hamli, H., Idris, M.H., Abu Hena M.K. & Wong, S.K. 2012. Taxonomic study of edible bivalve from selected division of Sarawak. International Journal of Zoological Research 8(1): 52-58.

Hayden, B.J. & Woods, C.M.C. 2011. Effect of water velocity on growth and retention of cultured GreenshellTM mussel spat, Perna canaliculus (Gmelin, 1791). Aquaculture International 19: 957-971.

Hua, D., Neves, R.J. & Jiao, Y. 2013. Effects of algal density, water flow and substrate type on culturing juveniles of the rainbow mussel (Villosa iris) (Bivalvia: Unionidae) in a laboratory circulating system. Aquaculture 416-417: 367-373.

Humason, G.L. 1972. Animal Tissue Technique. 4th ed. San Francisco, CA.: W.H. Freeman Co.

King, C.A., Langdon, C.J. & Counts, C.L. 1986. Spawning and early development of Corbicula fluminea (Bivalvia: Corbiculidae) in laboratory culture. American Malacological Bulletin 4(1): 81-88.

Lewis, D.E. & Cerrato, R.M. 1997. Growth uncoupling and the relationship between shell growth and metabolism in the soft shell clam Myra arenaria. Marine Ecology Progress Series 158: 177-189.

Marcado-Silva, N. 2005. Condition index of the eastern oyster Crasosstrea virginica (Gmelin, 1791) in Sapelo Island Georgia-Effects of site, position on bed and Pea crab parasitism. Journal of Shellfish Research 24(1): 121-126.

Nakamura, Y., Hashizume, Koyama, K. & Tamaki, A. 2005. Effects of salinity on sand burrowing activity, feeding and growth of the clams Mactra veneriformis, Ruditapes philippinarum and Meretrix lusoria. Journal of Fisheries Research 24(4): 1053-1059.

Nakamura, Y., Nakano, T., Yurimoto, T., Maeno, Y., Koizumi, T. & Tamaki, A. 2010. Reproductive cycle of venerid clam Meretrix lusoria in Ariake Sound and Tokyo Bay, Japan. Fisheries Science 76: 931-941.

Narasimham, K.A., Muthiah, P., Sandarajan, D. & Vaithinathan, N. 1988. Biology of the great clam, Merertrix meretrix in the Korampallam Creek, Tuticorin. Indian Journal of Fisheries 35(4): 288-293.

O’Connell-Milne, S.A., Poulin, R., Savage, C. & Rayment, W. 2016. Reduce growth, body condition and foot length of the bivalve Austrovenus stutchburyi in response to parasite infection. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 474: 23-28.

Rao, G.S. 1988. Biology of Meretrix casta (Chemnitz) and Paphia malabarica (Chemnitz) from Mulky Estuary, Dakshina, Kannada. National Seminar on Shellfish Resources and Farming. pp. 148-153.

Ray, S.M. 1954. Biological studies of Dermocystidium marinum. Rice Institute Pamphlet, Special Issue The Rice Institute, Houston, Texas.

SAS Institute Inc. 2004. SAS ODBC Driver 9.1: User’s Guide and Programmer’s Reference. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc.

Sobral, P. & Fernandes, S. 2004. Physiological responses and scope for growth of Ruditapes decussatus from Ria Formosa, southern Portugal, exposed to increased ambient ammonia. Scentia Marina 67(2): 219-225.

Sophia, A.J.A. & Balasubramanian, T. 1992. Changes in the physical condition of Meretrix casta exposed to water soluble fractions of refined and crude oil. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 22: 471-474.

Soudant, P., Chu, F-L.E. & Volety, A. 2013. Host-parasite interactions: Marine bivalve mollusc and protozoan parasites, Perkinsus species. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 114: 196-216.

Strain, P.M. 2002. Nutrient dynamic in ship harbour Nova Scotia. Atmosphere-Ocean 40(1): 45-58.

Yolye, V. 1975. The habitat and functional anatomy of the West African bloody cockle Anadara senilis (L). Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London 41: 277-299.

*Pengarang untuk surt-menyurat; email: hadihamli@gmail.com