Sains Malaysiana 46(6)(2017): 903–908

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2017-4606-09

Analysis of Biofilms Formation by Cronobacter sp. during Growth in Infant Formula Milk

(Analisis Pembentukan Biofilem oleh Cronobacter sp. sewaktu Pertumbuhan di dalam Susu Formula Kanak-kanak)

AISHAH FAIQAH MOHD YUSOF¹, PRANESHA PRABHAKARAN¹, NUR DIYANA AZLI³, NORRAKIAH ABDULLAH SANI² & WAN SYAIDATUL AQMA¹*

¹School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

²School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

³Department of Biotechnology, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Bandar Indera Mahkota, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur, Malaysia

Diserahkan: 19 Februari 2016/Diterima: 14 Disember 2016

ABSTRACT

Pacifier nipples are in permanent contact with saliva and with the oral microflora therefore, act as a favoured site for the growth of biofilms. This research was conducted to identify the bacterial biofilms that has been found on the pacifiers that collected from local child nursery and to analyse the formation of biofilms by Cronobacter sp. during growth in infant formula milk. Pacifiers collected were analysed to obtain colony forming unit (CFU) and isolated bacteria were identified using several biochemical tests according to Bergey's Manual. Biofilm assay of three Cronobacter sp. were conducted using 24 wells microtiter plate and stained with 1% of crystal violet solution at different time interval: 6, 12, 18 and 24 h. The hydrophobicity of the bacterial cell suspension was evaluated using bacterial adhesion to hydrocarbons (BATH) method. Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) analysis was done to identify percentage of carbohydrate and protein content by using phenol sulphuric acid method and Bradford method, respectively. The results obtained showed that the normal microflora bacteria were the most abundant microorganisms that were found on the pacifier with the main genus isolated was Staphylococcus sp., Enterobacteriaceae sp. and Clostridium sp. Based on biofilm and EPS analysis, Cronobacter sakazakii formed a strong biofilms after 18 h, with carbohydrate was identified as main component of EPS.

Keywords: Cell surface hydrophobicity; extracellular polymeric substances (EPS); Staphylococcus sp.

ABSTRAK

Puting mempunyai sentuhan kekal dengan air liur dan mikroflora oral yang menjadikannya tapak untuk pertumbuhan biofilem. Kajian ini dijalankan untuk mengenal pasti bakteria biofilem yang terdapat pada puting yang diperoleh dari pusat jagaan kanak-kanak setempat dan untuk menganalisis pembentukan biofilem olehCronobacter sp. sewaktu pertumbuhan di dalam formula susu kanak-kanak. Unit penghasilan koloni telah dianalisis daripada puting dan bakteria dikenal pasti melalui kaedah biokimia berdasarkan Bergey's Manual. Asai biofilem tiga Cronobacter sp. telah dilakukan menggunakan piring microtiter 24 telaga menggunakan pewarnaan ungu hablur 1% pada kala masa: 6, 12, 18 dan 24 jam. Hidrofobisiti permukaan sel dinilai menggunakan kaedah pelekatan bakteria pada hidrokarbon (BATH). Analisis bahan polimerik ekstrasel (EPS) dijalankan untuk mengenal pasti peratus kandungan karbohidrat dan protein menggunakan kaedah fenol asid sulfurik dan kaedah Bradford. Hasil kajian menunjukkan kebanyakan bakteria yang dipencil daripada puting adalah mikroflora normal dengan genus utama adalah daripada Staphylococcus sp. Berdasarkan analisis biofilem dan EPS menunjukkan Cronobacter sakazakii mempunyai kekuatan penghasilan biofilem pada 18 jam dengan kandungan utama adalah karbohidrat.

Kata kunci: Bahan polimerik ekstrasel (EPS); hidrofobisiti permukaan sel; Staphylococcus sp.

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: syaidatul@ukm.edu.my