Sains Malaysiana 46(6)(2017): 981–988

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2017-4606-18

Protection of Apricot Biodiesel from Thermal Degradation by using Natural Antioxidants of Fagopyrum tataricum(L.) Gaertn.

(Perlindungan Biodiesel Aprikot daripada Degradasi Termal menggunakan Antioksida Semula Jadi daripada Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn.

FAIZAN ULLAH¹, ARSHAD HUSSAIN WAZIR²*, ADNAN KHATTAK¹, SHAHAN ZEB KHAN² & ISHTIAQ HUSSAIN³

¹Department of Botany, University of Science and Technology Bannu, Khyber Pukhtunkhwa, Pakistan

²Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Bannu, Khyber Pukhtunkhwa, Pakistan

³Department of Agriculture Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan

Diserahkan: 26 Mac 2016/Diterima: 19 Disember 2016

ABSTRACT

The present study aims to improve the oxidation stability of wild apricot kernel oil biodiesel (WAKOB) by using natural antioxidants of Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn). Biodiesel was synthesized at different catalyst (NaOH) concentrations, reaction temperatures, reaction time intervals and methanol-to-oil molar ratios. Thermal oxidative stability measurements were carried out according to EN14112 using a Rancimet instrument. Our results showed a high yield of biodiesel (97±1.092) at 65^oC in the presence of 1% NaOH (%w/w oil) and methanol/oil molar ratio of 9:1 and for the time duration of 60 min. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) confirmed the conversion percentage of kernel oil into biodiesel, which was further evidenced by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and refractometer analyses. Methanolic fraction of Tartary buckwheat leaves (MTBWLF) was standardized to contain the highest amount of phenolics (209 mg gallic acid/100 g). In this study, the mixture of synthetic antioxidant butylated hydroxyl toluene (BHT) (0.25%) and methanolic extract of Tartary buckwheat leaves (0.5%) ensured high oxidation stability of biodiesel samples, leading to stabilizing factor of 4.86.

Keywords: Biodiesel; FT-IR spectroscopy; 1HNM spectroscopy; natural antioxidant

ABSTRAK

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk memperbaiki kestabilan pengoksidaan minyak kernel aprikot liar biodiesel (WAKOB) dengan menggunakan antioksidan semula jadi daripada gandum buck Tartary (Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn). Biodiesel telah disintesis pada kepekatan pemangkin berbeza (NaOH), tindak balas suhu, tindak balas reaksi selang masa dan nisbah molar metanol kepada minyak. Pengukuran kestabilan termal oksidatif telah dijalankan mengikut EN14112 dengan menggunakan instrumen Rancimet. Keputusan kami menunjukkan hasil biodiesel yang tinggi (97±1.092) pada 65^oC kehadiran 1% NaOH (%w/w minyak) dan metanol/ nisbah molar minyak 9:1 dan untuk tempoh masa 60 min. Nuklear proton resonans magnetik (1H NMR) mengesahkan peratusan penukaran minyak isirong kepada biodiesel, dan dibuktikan seterusnya oleh spektroskopi transformasi Fourier Inframerah (FT-IR) dan analisis refraktometer. Pecahan metanolik daun gandum buck Tartary (MTBWLF) telah dipiawaikan untuk mengandungi jumlah tertinggi fenolik (209 mg asid galik/100 g). Dalam kajian ini, campuran sintetik antioksidan butilated toluen hidroksil (BHT) (0.25%) dan ekstrak metanolik daun gandum buck Tartary (0.5%) memastikan kestabilan pengoksidaan sampel biodiesel yang tinggi yang membawa kepada penstabilan faktor 4.86.

Kata kunci: Antioksidan semula jadi; biodiesel; spektroskopi FT-IR; spektroskopi 1HNM

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: arshadwaziri@gmail.com