Sains Malaysiana 46(9)(2017): 1413–1420

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2017-4609-09

Evaluation of the Allelopathic Potential of Fifteen Common Malaysian Weeds

(Penilaian Potensi Alelopati ke atas Lima Belas Rumpai Biasa di Malaysia)

NURUL AIN, M.B¹., NORNASUHA, Y.² & ISMAIL, B.S.¹*

¹School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

²School of Agricultural Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry

Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kampus Besut, 22200 Besut, Terengganu Darul Iman, Malaysia

Diserahkan: 31 Ogos 2016/Diterima: 1 April 2017

ABSTRACT

The use of allelopathy concept in weed management has received attentions to minimize extensively the reliance on herbicide applications on the agriculture industry in Malaysia. A laboratory study was conducted to evaluate the allelopathic potential of 15 Malaysian common weed species of different morphological characteristics (broadleaves, sedges and grasses). They were screened using the Sandwich method (from leaf litter leachate) and the Dish pack method (for testing the presence and content of volatile compounds in weeds). Among the 15 weed species tested, the leaf litter leachate of Centrosema pubescens was observed to be the most sensitive plant material inhibiting the growth of lettuce radicle (84%) and hypocotyl (55%) in the Sandwich bioassay compared to the control. This was followed by Asystasia gangentica (81%) and Cynodon dactylon (80%) inhibiting the lettuce radicle growth. In the Dish pack bioassay, Rhynchelytrum repens demonstrated maximum inhibition on the radicle and hypocotyl elongations by 44% and 29%, respectively, (over control) at 41 mm distance from the source well. Meanwhile, at the same distance, Cynodon dactylon was observed to have the least inhibitory effect on lettuce radicle growth by 12%. The results presented can be utilized as benchmark information for further research on the identification and isolation of allelochemicals for weed control strategies.

Keywords: Allelochemical; allelopathy; dish pack method; sandwich method

ABSTRAK

Penggunaan konsep alelopati dalam pengurusan rumpai telah mendapat perhatian untuk meminimumkan kebergantungan secara meluas terhadap penggunaan racun rumpai ke atas ladang pertanian di Malaysia. Kajian makmal telah dijalankan untuk mengenal pasti potensi alelopati terhadap 15 spesies rumpai biasa di Malaysia yang berbeza secara fizikal luarannya (daun lebar, rusiga dan rumput) dan ia disaring menggunakan kaedah Sandwich (daripada sarap daun) dan kaedah Dish pack (untuk menguji kehadiran dan kandungan bahan meruap dalam rumpai). Daripada 15 spesies rumpai yang diuji, sarap daun Centrosema pubescens diperhati sebagai bahan tumbuhan yang paling sensitif dalam merencatkan pertumbuhan akar selada (84%) dan pucuk selada (55%) dalam bioasai Sandwich berbanding kawalan, diikuti dengan Asystasia gangentica (81%) dan Cynodon dactylon (80%) yang merencatkan akar selada. Dalam bioasai Dish pack, Rhynchelytrum repens menunjukkan perencatan maksimum ke atas pemanjangan akar dan pucuk masing-masing sebanyak 44% dan 29% (berbanding kawalan) pada jarak 41 mm dari lubang punca tumbuhan penderma. Walau bagaimanapun, pada jarak yang sama, Cynodon. dactylon diperhatikan mengalami kesan perencatan paling sedikit terhadap pertumbuhan akar sebanyak 12%. Keputusan yang dibentangkan dapat digunakan sebagai maklumat penanda aras untuk kajian selanjutnya ke atas pengenalpastian dan pengasingan alelokimia terhadap strategi pengawalan rumpai.

Kata kunci: Alelokimia; alelopati; kaedah dish pack; kaedah sandwich

RUJUKAN

Appiah, K., Li, Z., Zeng, R., Luo, S., Oikawa, Y. & Fujii, Y. 2015. Determination of allelopathic potentials in plant species in Sino-Japanese floristic region by sandwich method and dish pack method. International Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 4(4): 381-394.

Altieri, M.A. 1988. The impact, uses and ecological role of weeds in agrosystem. In Weed Management in Agrosystem, edited by Alteieri, M.A. & Liebman, M. Boca Raton: CRC Press Inc. pp. 2-6.

Baki, B. 2004. Invasive weed species in Malaysia agro-ecosystem: Species, impacts and management. Malaysian Journal of Science 23: 1-42.

Barnes, D.E. & Chan, L.G. 1990. Common Weeds of Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur: Ancom Berhad Shah Alam. pp. 1-313.

Bond, W. 2002. Non-chemical weed management. In Weed Management Handbook. 9th ed., edited by Robert, E.L.N. New York: Blackwell Science. pp. 296-297.

Dayan, F.E., Romagni, J.G. & Duke, S.O. 2000. Investigating the mode of action of natural phytotoxins. Journal of Chemical Ecology 26: 2079-2094.

De Albuquerque, M.B., Santos, R.C., Lima, M.L., Filho, P., Nogueira, R.J.M. & Camara, C.A.G. 2010. Allelopathy: An alternative tool to improve cropping systems. Journal of Agronomy & Sustainable Development 31: 279-295.

Duke, S.O., Dayan, F.E., Rimando, A.M., Schrader, K.K., Aliotta, G., Oliva, A. & Romagni, J.G. 2002. Chemicals from nature for weed management. Weed Science 50: 138-151.

Duke, S.O., Abbas, H.K., Duke, M.V., Lee, H.J., Vaughn, K.C., Amagasa, T. & Tanaka, T. 1996. Microbial phytotoxins as potential herbicides. Journal of Environmental Science & Health 31: 427-434.

Fujii, Y., Parves, S., Parves, M., Ohmae, Y. & Lida, O. 2003. Screening of 239 medicinal plant species for allelopathic activity using the sandwich method. Weed Biology and Management 3(4): 233-241.

Fujii, Y., Minoru, M., Syuntaro, H. & Hideki, S. 2005. Dish pack method: A new bioassay for volatile allelopathy. Proceeding of the 4th World Congress on Allelopathy. pp. 493-497.

Gould, F. 1994. Rhynchelytrum. In A Revised Handbook to the Flora of Ceylon Dassanayake, edited by Dassanayake, M.D., Fosberg, F.R. & Clayton, W.D. Volume 8. New Delhi: Amerind Publishing.

Haugland, E. & Brandsaeter, L.O. 1996. Experiments on bioassay sensitivity in the study of alleloapthy. Journal of Chemical Ecology 22(10): 1845-1859.

Khan, M.A., Kalsoom, U., Khan, M.I., Rahamdad, K. & Aslam, K. 2010. Screening the allelopathic potential of various weeds. Pakistan Journal Weed Science Resource 17(1): 73-81.

Kong, C., Hu, F. & Xu, X. 2002. Allelopathic potential and chemical constituents of volatiles from Ageratum conyzoides under stress. Journal of Chemical Ecology 28: 1173-1182.

Li, J. & Jin, Z. 2010. Potential allelopathic effects of Mikania micrantha on the seed germination and seedling growth of Coix lacryma-jobi. Weed Biology and Management 10: 194-201.

Mathews, J. & Saw, E.K. 2007. IOI’s experiences with establishing Mucuna bracteata on soil derived. In Mucuna bracteata, edited by Goh, K.J. & Chiu, S.B. Petaling Jaya: Agricultural Crop Trust (ACT).

Mohamad, R.B., Wibawa, W. & Mohayidin, M.G. 2010. Management of mixed weeds in young oil-palm plantation with selected broad-spectrum herbicides. Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science 33(2): 193-203.

Offor, U.S. & Wariboko, O.N. 2013. Effects of leguminous plants (Centrosema pubescens) as feed additive for growth stimulation on broilers. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences 1(10): 299-302.

Padgett, R.W. 1972. Sixty Weeds of Malaysian Plantations. Kuala Lumpur: Ansul Sdn. Berhad.

Pimentel, D., McNair, S., Janecka, J., Wightman, J., Simmonds, C., O’Connell, C., Wong, E., Russel, L., Zern, J., Aquino, T. & Tsomondo, T. 2001. Economic and environmental threats of alien plant, animal, and microbe invasions. Agricultural Ecosystem Environment 84: 1-20.

Possley, J. & Joyce, M. 2006. Competitive effects of the invasive grass Rhynchelytrum repens (Willd.) C.E. Hubb. on pine rock land vegetation. Natural Areas Journal 26(4): 391-395.

Prati, D. & Bossdorf, O. 2004. Allelopathic inhibition of germination by Alliaria petiolata (Brassicaceae). American Journal of Botany 91: 285-288.

Sahid, I. & Chan, K.W. 2000. Integrated ground cover management in plantations. In Advances in Oil Palm Research, edited by Basiron, Y., Jalani, B.S. & Chan, K.W. Kuala Lumpur: Palm Oil Board.

Sairah, S., Muhammad, I.A., Zammurad, I., Ahmed, A.R. & Muhammad, A. 2014. Root exudates and leaf leachate of 19 medicinal plants of Pakistan exhibit allelopathic potential. Pakistan Journal Botany 46(5): 1693-1701.

Saxena, R., Tomar, R.S. & Kumar, M. 2016. Allelopathy: A green approach for weed management and crop production. International Journal of Current Research in Bioscience and Plant Biology 3(4): 43-50.

Shinwari, M.B. & Fujii, Y. 2013. Allelopathic evaluation of shared invasive plants and weeds of Pakistan and Japan for environmental risk assessment. Pakistan Journal of Botany 45(S1): 467-474.

Skerman, P.J., Cameroon, D.G. & Riveros, F. 1988. Centrosema spp. In Tropical Forage Legumes, edited by Skerman P.J. 2nd ed. Rome Italy: FOA Plant Production and Protection Series. No. 2: 237-257.

Suwal, M.M., Devkota, A. & Lekhak, H.D. 2010. Allelopathic effects Chromolena ordorata (L.) King & Robinson on seed germination and seedlings growth of paddy and barnyard grass. Scientific World 8(8): 73-75.

Taylor, L.P. & Grotewold, E. 2005. Flavonoids as developmental regulators. Current Opinion Plant Biology 8: 317-323.

Tostes, J.B.F., Silva, A.J.R. & Parente, J.P. 1997. Pubescidin, an isoflavone glycoside from Centrosema pubescens. Phytochemistry 45(5): 1069-1072.

Vyvyan, J.R. 2002. Allelochemicals as leads for new herbicides and agrochemicals. Tetrahedron 58: 1631-1646.

Zhang, W., Webster, E.P., Blouin, D.C. & Linscombe, S.D. 2004. Differential tolerance of rice (Oryza sativa) varieties to clomazone 1. Weed Technology 18: 73-76.

*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: ismail@ukm.edu.my