Sains Malaysiana 46(9)(2017): 1421–1428

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2017-4609-10

Effects of Elevated Atmospheric CO₂ on Photosynthesis, Growth and Biomass in Shorea platycarpa F. Heim (Meranti Paya)

(Kesan Peningkatan CO₂ dalam Atmosfera terhadap Fotosintesis, Pertumbuhan dan Biojisim Shorea platycarpa F. Heim (Meranti Paya))

NOR LAILATUL WAHIDAH, M.^1,4*, WAN JULIANA, W.A.,¹ NIZAM, M.S.^1,3 & CHE RADZIAH, C.M.Z.²

¹School of Environmental & Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Science & Technology

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

²School of Biosciences & Biotechnology, Faculty of Science & Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

³Institute of Climate Change, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

⁴School of Biology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA

Cawangan Pahang, Kampus Jengka, 26400 Bandar Tun Abdul Razak, Pahang Darul Makmur

Malaysia

Diserahkan: 31 Ogos 2016/Diterima: 1 April 2017

ABSTRACT

Elevated atmospheric CO₂ is widely reported to stimulate the plant growth and affect plant physiological processes. However, studies on the respond of tropical plant species to elevated CO₂ are quite limited and remain largely unknown. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of elevated atmospheric CO₂ treatments on the photosynthetic characteristics, growth and biomass in Shorea platycarpa. Saplings of S. platycarpa were grown for seven months in the open roof gas chamber supplied with elevated CO₂ (800±50 μmol mol^-1) and in the shade house with ambient CO₂ (400±50 μmol mol-1). Measurements of S. platycarpa growth and photosynthetic characteristics were made at frequent intervals. Biomass characteristics were determined using destructive methods after seven months of treatment and nondestructive method was used for leaf area index (LAI) determination. Photosynthetic rate (A) of S. platycarpa was not significantly affected by elevated CO₂. Increased water use efficiency (WUE) of S. platycarpa grown in elevated CO₂ was due to the reduced stomatal conductance (gs) and transpiration rate (E). The CO₂ elevation had no significant effect on the S. platycarpa relative growth rates (RGR) and biomass but significantly reduced the leaf area. A weak correlation was found between photosynthetic rate (A) and relative growth rate (RGR). The results clearly showed that photosynthesis, growth rate and biomass of S. platycarpa were not significantly enhanced by elevated CO₂. The findings indicated that elevated CO₂ did not affect a relatively slow growing and a late successional peat swamp tree species.

Keywords: Biomass; elevated CO₂; growth rate; photosynthesis; Shorea platycarpa

ABSTRAK

Peningkatan CO₂ dalam atmosfera telah dilaporkan secara meluas kerana dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan pokok dan memberi kesan kepada proses fisiologi pokok. Namun begitu, kajian ke atas tindak balas spesies pokok tropika terhadap peningkatan CO₂ agak terhad dan sebahagian besarnya tidak diketahui. Objektif kajian ini ialah untuk mengkaji kesan rawatan peningkatan CO₂ dalam atmosfera ke atas ciri fotosintesis, pertumbuhan dan biojisim Shorea platycarpa. Anak pokok S. platycarpa telah ditanam selama tujuh bulan di dalam bilik gas dengan bumbung terbuka dan dibekalkan dengan peningkatan CO₂ (800±50 μmol mol^-1) dan di dalam rumah teduh dengan ambien CO₂ (400±50 μmol mol^-1). Pengukuran secara selang berulang ke atas pertumbuhan S. platycarpa dan ciri fotosintesis telah dibuat. Selepas tujuh bulan rawatan, ciri biojisim telah ditentukan dengan menggunakan kaedah musnah dan tanpa musnah untuk indeks luas daun (LAI). Kadar fotosintesis (A) S. platycarpa tidak dipengaruhi secara signifikan oleh peningkatan CO₂. Peningkatan kecekapan penggunaan air (WUE) S. platycarpa yang hidup di CO₂ berganda disebabkan oleh pengurangan stomata konduktans (gs) dan kadar transpirasi (E). Peningkatan CO₂ tidak memberi kesan signifikan ke atas kadar pertumbuhan relatif (RGR) dan biojisim tetapi mengurangkan luas daun secara signifikan. Korelasi lemah wujud antara kadar fotosintesis (A) dengan kadar pertumbuhan relatif (RGR). Hasil jelas menunjukkan bahawa fotosintesis, kadar pertumbuhan dan biojisim S. platycarpa tidak meningkat secara signifikan dengan peningkatan CO₂. Penemuan tersebut memberi indikasi bahawa peningkatan CO₂ tidak memberi kesan kepada spesies pokok paya gambut dengan ciri pertumbuhan perlahan secara relatif dan lewat sesaran.

Kata kunci: Biojisim; fotosintesis; kadar pertumbuhan; peningkatan CO₂; Shorea platycarpa

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