Sains Malaysiana 47(11)(2018): 2625–2635

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2018-4711-05

 

Influence of Field Soil Drought Stress on Some Key Physiological, Yield and Quality Traits of Selected Newly-Developed Hexaploid Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Cultivars

(Pengaruh Tekanan Tanah Kemarau kepada Fisiologi, Hasil dan Sifat Kualiti bagi Kultivar Jenis Roti Gandum Heksaploid Pra-Maju yang Terpilih (Triticum aestivum L.))

TARIQ SHAHZAD¹, MUHAMMAD ASHRAF², MUHAMMAD MANSOOR JAVAID^1*, HASNAIN WAHEED¹, TASAWER ABBAS¹, FENG-MIN LI³ & ABDUL SATTAR⁴

 

¹Department of Agronomy, University College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan

 

²Pakistan Science Foundation, Islamabad, Pakistan

 

³School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China

 

⁴College of Agriculture, BZU, Bahadur Campus Layyah, Pakistan

 

Diserahkan: 26 Februari 2018/Diterima: 4 Julai 2018

 

ABSTRACT

Drought is one of the commonly occurring environmental stresses, limiting crop production in many countries. Selection of cultivar is the most effective and economical means for alleviating the adverse effects of drought stress on crops. The present study aimed to investigate the growth, some physiological processes, yield and quality of some newly-developed wheat cultivars (AARI-2011, AAS-2011, Faisalabad-2008, Millat-2011 and Punjab-2011) under field drought stress conditions. The cultivars were sown in a field under normal irrigation and drought-induced conditions. Maximum net photosynthetic rate was recorded in cv. AAS-2011 at growth stage of 67 days after wheat emergence under normal irrigation and cv. Faisalabad-2008 at 67 days after wheat emergence under drought condition. Leaf stomatal conductance and transpiration rate were maximum in cv. Faisalabad-2008 under drought conditions. The adverse effects of drought stress were observed more on cv. Millat-2011 than Faisalabad-2008, with respect to net photosynthetic rate and transpiration. Drought exerted a significant adverse effect on leaf stomatal conductance at 74 days after wheat emergence which was recorded as 230 mmol m-2 s-1. Among the cultivars, AAS-2011 recorded maximum yield traits and grain yield under normal irrigation condition and Faisalabad-2008 under drought condition. Cultivar Millat-2011 was the most susceptible to drought and Faisalabad-2008 the most resistant to drought. Faisalabad-2008 maintained the quality at the most under drought stress conditions. It is concluded that Fasialabad-2008 should be grown under field drought conditions to achieve maximal yield and quality of wheat.

 

Keywords: Photosynthetic activity; protein; starch; water deficit; wheat production

 

ABSTRAK

Kemarau merupakan salah satu tekanan alam sekitar yang biasanya berlaku yang mengehadkan pengeluaran tanaman di banyak negara. Pemilihan kultivar adalah cara yang paling berkesan dan bersifat ekonomi untuk mengurangkan kesan buruk daripada tekanan kemarau ke atas tanaman. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pertumbuhan, proses fisiologi, hasil dan kualiti kultivar gandum yang baru dibangunkan (AARI-2011, AAS-2011, Faisalabad-2008, Millat-2011 dan Punjab-2011) pada tanah yang bertekanan kemarau. Kultivar telah dicambah di padang yang tidak mempunyai pengairan yang baik serta telah teraruh-kemarau. Kadar bersih fotosintesis maksimum yang dicatatkan dalam cv. AAS-2011 peringkat pertumbuhan 67 hari selepas kemunculan gandum di bawah pengairan biasa dan cv. Faisalabad-2008 peringkat pertumbuhan 67 hari selepas kemunculan gandum di bawah keadaan kemarau. Daun stomatal konduktans dan kadar transpirasi paling maksimum adalah tanaman cv. Faisalabad-2008 dalam keadaan kemarau. Kesan-kesan negatif disebabkan tekanan kemarau lebih terlihat kepada cv. Millat-2011 berbanding Faisalabad-2008, dari sudut kadar fotosintesis bersih dan transpirasi. Kemarau memberi impak negatif yang besar pada konduksi stomatal daun pada hari ke-74 selepas kemunculan gandum yang direkodkan ialah 230 mmol m-2 s-1. Kulvitar AAS-2011 mencatatkan ciri hasil dan hasil bijirin yang maksimum untuk pengairan yang lemah manakala kulvitar Faisalabad-2008 pula di dalam keadaan kemarau. Kultivar Millat-2011 adalah yang paling rentan dengan kemarau dan kultivar Faisalabad-2008 yang paling bertahan dengan kemarau. Kultivar Faisalabad-2008 masih berkualiti walaupun dalam keadaan kemarau. Kesimpulannya adalah kultivar Fasialabad-2008 perlu ditanam dalam keadaan kemarau untuk mencapai hasil dan kualiti gandum yang maksima.

 

Kata kunci: Aktiviti fotosintesis; defisit air; kanji; pengeluaran gandum; protein

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