Sains Malaysiana 47(12)(2018): 3009–3015

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2018-4712-10

 

Mucuna pruriens Seed Extract Promotes Neurite Outgrowth via Ten-4 Dependent and Independent Mechanisms in Neuro2a Cells

(Ekstrak Biji Mucuna pruriens Menggalakkan Pertumbuhan Neurit melalui Mekanisme

Pergantungan Ten-4 dan Mekanisme Bebas Ten-4 dalam Sel Neuro2a)

 

SUTIN WANSAWAT¹, MANI IYER PRASANTH², CIRO ISIDORO³ & TEWIN TENCOMNAO^1,2*

 

¹Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, 10330 Bangkok, Thailand

 

²Age-related Inflammation and Degeneration Research Unit, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, 10330 Bangkok, Thailand

 

³Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale 'A. Avogadro', Novara, Italy

 

Diserahkan: 30 Mei 2018/Diterima: 18 September 2018

 

ABSTRACT

Neurological diseases are one of the serious health hazards faced by mankind for decades. Neurite outgrowth is a key factor responsible for proper neuronal development. Any misplacement in the process could lead to neurological diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. Treatment with the available synthetic drugs imparts many difficulties to the patients due to the side effects. Compounds from natural sources can be considered as an effective replacement for this. Mucuna pruriens, used in traditional ayurvedic medicine, contains L-3,4-dihydroxy phenylalanine (L-DOPA) in its seeds, which possesses medicinal effects against neurological diseases. In this regard, seed extracts of M. pruriens originated from Thailand and India, were analyzed for their neuroprotective effects in Neuro2a cells. Hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts were found to be non-toxic to the viability of the cells. Ethanol extracts of M. pruriens of Thai origin (MTE), hexane extracts of M. pruriens of Indian origin (MIH) and ethyl acetate extracts of M. pruriens of Indian origin (MIEA) were able to induce neurite outgrowth in Neuro2a cells. Interestingly, both MTE and MIH induced neurite outgrowth dependent on Teneurin-4 (Ten-4) transmembrane protein whereas MIEA did the same independent of Ten-4, which was confirmed by real time PCR and gene silencing approach. The present study suggested that M. pruriens can be used as a potential drug in the treatment of neurological diseases as it can induce neurite outgrowth by multiple mechanisms, which will be of great use in the field of medicine.

 

Keywords: Neurite outgrowth; neuro2a cells; neurodegenerative diseases; Ten-4

 

ABSTRAK

Penyakit neurologi adalah salah satu penyakit serius yang dihadapi oleh manusia selama beberapa dekad. Pertumbuhan neurit merupakan faktor utama yang bertanggungjawab untuk perkembangan neuron yang betul. Sebarang kesilapan dalam proses tersebut boleh membawa kepada penyakit neurologi seperti Alzheimer dan Parkinson. Rawatan dengan ubatan sintetik sedia ada memberikan banyak kesulitan kepada pesakit akibat kesan sampingan. Sebatian daripada sumber semula jadi boleh dianggap sebagai pengganti berkesan untuk ini. Biji Mucuna pruriens yang digunakan dalam perubatan tradisi ayurveda, mengandungi L-3,4-dihidroksi fenilalanina (L-DOPA) yang mempunyai kesan perubatan terhadap penyakit neurologi. Dalam hal ini, ekstrak biji benih daripada M. pruriens yang berasal dari Thailand dan India, dianalisis untuk kesan neuroperlindungan di dalam sel Neuro2a. Ekstrak heksana, etil asetat dan etanol didapati tidak toksik kepada kebolehidupan sel-sel. Ekstrak etanol M. pruriens Thailand (MTE), ekstrak heksana dari M. pruriens India (MIH) dan ekstrak etil asetat dari M. pruriens India (MIEA) dapat mendorong pertumbuhan neurit dalam sel Neuro2a. Kedua-dua MTE dan MIH yang menggalakkan pertumbuhan neurit bergantung kepada protein transmembran Teneurin-4 (Ten-4) manakala MIEA tidak bergantung pada Ten-4. Ini telah disahkan menggunakan PCR dan pendekatan penyenyapan gen. Kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa M. pruriens boleh digunakan sebagai ubat berpotensi dalam merawat penyakit neurologi kerana ia dapat mendorong pertumbuhan neurit melalui pelbagai mekanisme, yang dapat digunakan dengan baik dalam bidang perubatan.

 

Kata kunci: Penyakit 'neurodegenerative'; pertumbuhan neurit; sel Neuro2a; Ten-4

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: tewin.t@chula.ac.th