Sains Malaysiana 47(12)(2018): 3085–3094

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2018-4712-19

 

Effects of Plant Growth Regulators on Root Culture and Yeast Extract Elicitation on Metabolite Profiles of Polygonum minus

(Kesan Pengawalatur Pertumbuhan ke atas Kultur Akar dan Elisitasi Ekstrak Yis ke atas Profil Metabolit Sekunder Polygonum minus)

 

MOHD AZHAR HASSAN¹*, MARIATULQABTIAH ABDUL RAZAK², AHMAD HAFIZ BAHAROM¹, MUHAMMAD SHAFIE MD SAH¹ & MOHAMAD ZULKIFFELY A. RAHMAN¹

 

¹MARDI Headquarters, Persiaran MARDI-UPM, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

 

²Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

 

Diserahkan: 30 Mei 2018 /Diterima: 18 September 2018

 

ABSTRACT

There are various secondary metabolites that have been identified in Polygonum minus Huds. or kesum plant, but the production is often very low and depending on growth stage. Therefore, elicitation and in vitro techniques have been suggested as an effective way for inducing secondary metabolites production in plant. This study was conducted to determine the optimal conditions for P. minus root formation in vitro and to profile the metabolite content from P. minus root culture with and without elicitor treatment. From the root induction study, it was found that the fresh weight of induced root for nodal explant in MS liquid media supplemented with 0.5 mg/L NAA and shaken had the highest production (0.38±0.08 g) compared to other treatments including the control. The results from metabolite profile showed that the volatile compound of P. minus root produced without any elicitation contained 50.11% aliphatic (27.59% aldehide, 9.17% alkane and 13.35% others) and 19.39% sesquiterpene (β-caryophyllene, α-bergamotene, β-farnesene, α-caryophyllene dan β-curcumene) where the dodecanal compound (22.27%) and β-caryophyllene (8.09%) have the highest percentage value for aliphatic and sesquiterpene group, respectively. Moreover, elicitation of P. minus root culture using yeast extract at 100 mg/L concentration for 1 day demonstrated the ability to increase the production of secondary metabolites in many volatile compounds of kesum in vitro root including the sesquiterpene compounds compared to control treatment and other yeast extract elicitation treatments.

 

Keywords: Aliphatic; elicitation; Polygonum minus; secondary metabolite; sesquiterpene

 

ABSTRAK

Terdapat pelbagai metabolit sekunder dikenal pasti di dalam Polygonum minus Huds. atau kesum tetapi penghasilannya sangat rendah dan bergantung pada peringkat pertumbuhan. Oleh itu, teknik elisitasi dan in vitro telah dicadangkan sebagai cara yang berkesan untuk merangsang pengeluaran metabolit sekunder pada tumbuhan. Kajian ini dilakukan bagi menentukan keadaan yang optimum bagi penghasilan akar P. minus secara in vitro dan memprofil kandungan metabolit daripada kultur akar P. minus dengan dan tanpa perlakuan elisitor. Hasil kajian pengaruhan akar mendapati bahawa berat basah akar bagi eksplan nodal di dalam medium MS cecair yang ditambah dengan 0.5 mg/L NAA dan digoncang telah memberikan nilai hasilan yang paling tinggi (0.38±0.08 g) berbanding rawatan lain termasuk rawatan kawalan. Keputusan kajian profil metabolit pula menunjukkan bahawa sebatian meruap akar P. minus yang terhasil tanpa sebarang perlakuan elisitor terdiri daripada 50.11% alifatik (27.59% aldehid, 9.17% alkana dan 13.35% lain-lain) dan 19.39% sesquiterpena (β-kariofilena, α-bergamoten, β-farnesen, α-kariofilena dan β-curcumen) dengan sebatian dodekanal (22.27%) dan β-kariofilena (8.09 %) masing-masing menunjukkan nilai peratusan paling tinggi bagi kumpulan alifatik dan sesquiterpena. Manakala elisitasi kultur akar P. minus menggunakan ekstrak yis pada kepekatan 100 mg/L selama 1 hari didapati berupaya meningkatkan penghasilan metabolit sekunder dalam kebanyakan sebatian meruwap akar kesum yang terhasil termasuklah pada sebatian sesquiterpena berbanding dengan rawatan kawalan dan rawatan elisitasi ekstrak yis yang lain.

 

Kata kunci: Alifatik; elisitasi; metabolit sekunder; Polygonum minus; sesquiterpena

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: mazhar@mardi.gov.my