Sains Malaysiana 47(3)(2018): 433–439

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2018-4703-02

Diversity and Population of Thrips Species on Legumes with Special Reference to Megalurothrips usitatus

(Kepelbagaian dan Populasi Spesies Jengking Daun pada Kekacang dengan Rujukan Khusus kepada Megalurothrips usitatus)

Z. ZAFIRAH* & A.A. AZIDAH

Institute of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan, Malaysia

Diserahkan: 18 April 2016/Diterima: 14 September 2017

ABSTRACT

Thrips (Thysanoptera) are common pests on legume plants, yet little is known about their ecology or diversity in Peninsular Malaysia. In legumes, thrips are typically found in flowers, where their feeding activity causes malformations that eventually lead to crop damage. In this study, we examined the diversity of thrips species, particularly Megalurothrips usitatus, in three selected legume farms around Peninsular Malaysia (Janda Baik, Pahang; Bestari Jaya, Selangor; and Jelebu, Negeri Sembilan). Each month from April 2013 to May 2014, depending on growing season, legume flowers were inspected for thrips in five random plots from each farm. Sampling was performed six times in Bestari Jaya and Jelebu and twelve times in Janda Baik. The most abundant thrips species on legumes was M. usitatus (89.97%) followed by Thrips parvispinus (9.77%), T. hawaiiensis (0.13%) and Ceratothripoides brunneus (0.12%). The abundance of M. usitatus was not different between long bean, French bean and winged bean which equally distributed among different arbitrary strata on legume plants. Temperature and light intensity were found to be positively correlated with the abundance of M. usitatus, but relative humidity showed a negative relationship. M. usitatus was found in large numbers during hot and dry months, but in lower numbers during raining season. This study suggested that wet season may help to regulate the populations of M. usitatus on legume plants.

Keywords: Diversity; ecology; legume; Megalurothrips usitatus; thrips

ABSTRAK

Jengking daun (Thysanoptera) adalah perosak yang biasa ditemui pada tumbuhan kekacang, namun sedikit yang diketahui tentang ekologi atau kepelbagaian mereka di Semenanjung Malaysia. Pada tumbuhan kekacang, jengking daun kebiasaannya dijumpai di dalam bunga dengan aktiviti pemakanan mereka menyebabkan kecacatan dan kerosakan pada tanaman. Dalam kajian ini, kepelbagaian spesies jengking daun, terutamanya Megalurothrips usitatus, di tiga ladang kekacang terpilih sekitar Semenanjung Malaysia (Janda Baik, Pahang; Bestari Jaya, Selangor; dan Jelebu, Negeri Sembilan) telah dikaji. Bergantung kepada musim tanaman, jengking daun disampel daripada bunga kekacang secara rawak setiap bulan daripada lima plot di setiap ladang dari April 2013 hingga Mei 2014. Spesies thrips yang paling banyak ditemui pada kekacang adalah M. usitatus (89.97%) diikuti oleh Thrips parvispinus (9.77%), T. hawaiiensis (0.13%) dan Ceratothripoides brunneus (0.12%). Kelimpahan M. usitatus pada kacang panjang, kacang buncis dan kacang botor tidak berbeza dan spesies ini tersebar sama rata antara strata yang berbeza pada tumbuhan kekacang. Suhu dan keamatan cahaya didapati berkorelasi positif dengan kelimpahan relatif M. usitatus, manakala kelembapan relatif menunjukkan hubungan yang negatif. M. usitatus dijumpai dalam jumlah yang banyak semasa musim panas dan kering tetapi sebaliknya pada musim hujan. Kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa musim hujan berfungsi membantu untuk mengawal atur populasi M. usitatus pada tumbuhan kekacang.

Kata kunci: Ekologi; jengking daun; kekacang; kepelbagaian; Megalurothrips usitatus

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: zafzakri@yahoo.com