Sains Malaysiana 47(6)(2018): 1277–1283

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2018-4706-24

Analysis of Heavy Metal Accumulation in Fish in the Terengganu Coastal Area, Malaysia

(Analisis Pengumpulan Logam Berat dalam Ikan di Kawasan Pantai Terengganu, Malaysia)

M.N.R. ROSLI^1*, S.B. SAMAT¹, M.S. YASIR¹ & M.F.M. YUSOF²

¹School of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

²School of Health Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan Darul Naim, Malaysia

Diserahkan: 25 September 2017/Diterima: 21 Januari 2018

ABSTRACT

Bioaccumulation of toxic metals in fish causes serious threats to human when they are consumed. Thus, the detection of toxic element concentration levels in aquatic component is important. The accumulation of some heavy metals such as Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn in fish were determined. Ten species (Selaroides leptolepis, Decapterus maraudsi, Epinephelus lanceolatus, Priacanthus tayenus, Rastrelliger, Megalaspis cordyla, Nibea soldado, Pristipomoides filamentosus, Bramidae and Siganus canaliculatus) were collected from Terengganu coastal area, Malaysia. The analysis was done using inductive coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) technique. In general, the concentration levels of heavy metals in fish samples are lower than the previous study in various locations. The highest average level of heavy metal recorded in fish is Fe followed by Zn, Mn, Cu, Cd and Pb. The metal concentration found in this study was lower than the national and international recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for human consumption except Fe (52.33 × 10-2 ± 6.39 × 10-2 mg kg-1) which exceeded the limit of 0.3 mg kg-1. Long term monitoring system of metal bioaccumulation in fishes need to be done to provide useful information for the assessment of the potential health risks of metals in Malaysia.

Keywords: Bioaccumulation; heavy metals; inductive coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS); Malaysia; recommended dietary allowance (RDA); Terengganu coastal area

ABSTRAK

Biotumpukan logam toksik dalam ikan akan menyebabkan ancaman serius kepada manusia apabila ia dimakan. Oleh itu, pengesanan tahap kepekatan unsur toksik dalam komponen akuatik adalah penting. Pengumpulan beberapa logam berat seperti Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb dan Zn dalam ikan telah ditentukan. Sepuluh spesies (Selaroides leptolepis, Decapterus maraudsi, Epinephelus lanceolatus, Priacanthus tayenus, Rastrelliger, Megalaspis cordyla, Nibea soldado, Pristipomoides filamentosus, Bramidae dan Siganus canaliculatus) dikumpulkan dari kawasan pantai Terengganu, Malaysia. Analisis dilakukan dengan menggunakan spektrometri jisim-plasma gandingan teraruh (ICP-MS). Secara amnya, tahap kepekatan logam berat dalam sampel ikan lebih rendah daripada kajian terdahulu di pelbagai lokasi. Tahap purata tertinggi logam berat yang direkodkan dalam ikan adalah Fe diikuti oleh Zn, Mn, Cu, Cd dan Pb. Kepekatan logam yang terdapat dalam kajian ini adalah lebih rendah daripada had pemakanan yang disyorkan (RDA) oleh badan tempatan dan antarabangsa untuk kegunaan manusia kecuali Fe (52.33 × 10-2 ± 6.39 × 10-2 mg kg^-1) yang melebihi had 0.3 mg kg^-1. Sistem pengawasan jangka panjang biotumpukan logam dalam ikan perlu dijalankan untuk memberikan maklumat berguna dalam menilai potensi risiko kesihatan berkaitan logam di Malaysia.

Kata kunci: Biotumpukan; had pemakanan yang disyorkan (RDA); kawasan pantai Terengganu; logam berat; Malaysia; spektrometri jisim-plasma gandingan teraruh (ICP-MS)

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