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Sains Malaysiana 47(6)(2018): 1285–1291
http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2018-4706-25
The Effects of Maleic Anhydride Grafted PP (MAPP) on the Mechanical Properties of
Injection Moulded Kenaf/CNTs/PP Composites
(Kesan Maleik Anhidrida Disaluti PP
ke atas Sifat Mekanik bagi Pengacuan Suntikan Komposit
Kenaf/CNT/PP)
ZAKARIA RAZAK, ABU BAKAR SULONG*, NORHAMIDI MUHAMAD, CHE HASSAN CHE HARON, MOHD KHAIROL FADZLY MD RADZI, DULINA THOLIBON, IZDIHAR THARAZI
& NUR FARHANI ISMAIL
Department of Mechanical & Materials
Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM
Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
Diserahkan: 7 Jun 2017/Diterima: 8
Februari 2018
ABSTRACT
Composite materials have increasingly
become crucial in manufacturing engineering products and producing
commodity materials in the major industries including; automotive,
aerospace, marine, construction, agriculture and health science.
However, several improvements regarding the strength, dimensional
stability and the cost of production are required. In this study,
composite of Kenaf, multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) and polypropylene (PP)
with maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene (MAPP)
are examined. The results highlight that increasing MAPP loading,
in turn, increases the value of the mechanical properties. The composites
are produced by blending kenaf/MWCNT/PP using
a Sigma blade mixer and injection moulding. Injection moulding is
a significant operation used to produce plastic products. In the
study, Kenaf core fibre was mixed with MWCNT and polypropylene, in addition to MAPP.
The MAPP is added by applying different percentage (1, 2, 3
and 4 wt. %) during the blending process. The main objective of
the study was to analyse the effects of MAPP concentrations on the mechanical
properties of the Kenaf/MWCNT/PP composite.
The results of the study established that MAPP 3
wt. % concentration with MWCNT 3 wt. % loading and Kenaf 30 wt.
% filler provide optimum results for the composites. There was approximately,
a 21% enhance in tensile strength of Kenaf 30 wt. %/MWCNT,
3 wt. %/MAPP, 3 wt. %/PP observed compared to the (without) MAPP
composite. The composites with coupling agent stimulate
better filler dispersion between Kenaf, MWCNT and PP observed
using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and field-emission scanning
electron microscope (FESEM).
Keywords: Carbon nanotubes;
compatibilizer; injection moulding; mechanical properties; natural fibres
ABSTRAK
Bahan komposit menjadi semakin
penting dalam pembuatan produk kejuruteraan dan menghasilkan bahan-bahan
komoditi dalam industri utama termasuk; automotif, aeroangkasa, marin, pembinaan, pertanian dan sains kesihatan. Walau
bagaimanapun, beberapa penambahbaikan mengenai kekuatan, kestabilan dimensi dan kos pengeluaran diperlukan. Dalam
kajian ini, komposit kenaf, karbon nanotiub pelbagai dinding (MWCNT)
dan polipropilena (PP) dengan maleat anhidrida disaluti PP (MAPP)
dikaji. Keputusan menunjukkan bahawa peningkatan beban MAPP,
pada gilirannya, meningkatkan nilai sifat mekanik. Komposit
dihasilkan dengan penggabungan PP/MWCNT/Kenaf
menggunakan pencampur bilah Sigma dan pengacuan suntikan. Pengacuan suntikan adalah operasi penting yang digunakan untuk
menghasilkan produk plastik. Dalam kajian ini, serat
teras kenaf telah dicampur dengan MWCNT dan polipropilena,
sebagai tambahan kepada MAPP. MAPP ditambah
dengan menggunakan peratusan yang berlainan (1, 2, 3 dan 4 % bt.) semasa proses
pengadunan. Objektif utama kajian ini adalah untuk
menganalisis kesan kepekatan MAPP terhadap sifat mekanik
komposit PP/MWCNT/Kenaf. Keputusan kajian
mendapati bahawa kepekatan 3 % bt. MAPP dengan
beban 3 % bt. MWCNT dan pengisi 30 % bt. kenaf memberikan hasil optimum
untuk komposit. Terdapat kira-kira 21% peningkatan dalam kekuatan tegangan pada PP/
3 % bt. MAPP/ 3 % bt. MWCNT/
30 % bt. Kenaf telah diperhatikan berbanding dengan (tanpa) komposit MAPP.
Komposit dengan ejen gandingan merangsang penyebaran pengisi yang lebih baik
antara Kenaf, MWCNT dan PP yang diamati dengan
menggunakan mikroskop elektron pengimbas (SEM)
dan mikroskop elektron pengimbas pelepasan medan (FESEM).
Kata
kunci: Acuan suntikan; gentian semula jadi; karbon nanotiub; pengserasi; sifat
mekanik
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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: abubakar@ukm.edu.my
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