Sains Malaysiana 47(9)(2018): 1953–1959

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2018-4709-02

Cytotoxic Effect of Polyisoprenoids from Rhizophora mucronata and Ceriops tagal Leaves against WiDr Colon Cancer Cell Lines

(Kesan Sitotoksik Poliisoprenoid daripada Daun Rhizophora mucronata dan Ceriops tagal terhadap Titisan Sel Kanser Kolon WiDr)

DINI PERMATA SARI¹, MOHAMMAD BASYUNI^2*, POPPY ANJELISA ZAITUN HASIBUAN¹, RIDHA WATI² & SUMARDI³

¹Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara Jl. Tri Dharma No. 5, Pintu 4 USU Campus, Medan 20155, Indonesia

²Department of Forestry, Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jl. Tri Dharma Ujung,  No. 1, Medan, North Sumatra, 20155, Indonesia

³Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien, Jl. Rasmi No. 28, Medan, 20123

Indonesia

Diserahkan: 15 Disember 2017/Diterima: 16 Mei 2018

ABSTRACT

The mangrove plant is known to produce secondary metabolite compounds, mainly isoprenoids. Polyisoprenoids (dolichol and polyprenol) are known to have antimicrobial, anticancer and antiviral activity. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the cytotoxic effects of polyisoprenoids from Rhizophora mucronata and Ceriops tagal leaves by evaluating the induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest and the inhibition of the expression of Bcl-2 and cyclin D1 in WiDr colon cancer cells. Cell death was determined based on IC₅₀ values in MTT assays. The induction of apoptosis and alterations in the cell cycle were observed by flow cytometry. The expression of Bcl-2 and cyclin D1 proteins, which play a role in apoptosis and cell cycle regulation, was observed by immunocytochemistry. The results showed that polyisoprenoids from R. mucronata and C. tagal leaves exhibited toxicity against the WiDr cell line, with IC₅₀ values of 278 ± 5.77 and 276 ± 9.54 μg/mL, respectively. Polyisoprenoids from R. mucronata and C. tagal leaves significantly induced apoptosis and caused cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase, while also decreasing the expression of Bcl-2 and cyclin D1. Our results confirmed that polyisoprenoids from R. mucronata and C. tagal leaves have the potential to be developed as anticancer agents for colon cancer.

Keywords: Apoptosis; Ceriops tagal; cytotoxic; dolichol; Rhizophora mucronata

ABSTRAK

Tumbuhan bakau diketahui menghasilkan sebatian metabolit sekunder, terutamanya isoprenoid. Poliisoprenoid (dolichol dan poliprenol) diketahui mempunyai aktiviti antimikrob, antikanser dan antivirus. Oleh itu, kajian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kesan sitotoksik poliisoprenoid daripada daun Rhizophora mucronata dan Ceriops tagal dengan menilai induksi apoptosis tangkapan kitaran sel serta kesan ekpresi Bcl-2 dan siklin D1 dalam titisan sel kanser kolon WiDr. Kematian sel ditentukan berdasarkan nilai IC₅₀ dalam asai MTT. Induksi apoptosis dan perubahan dalam kitaran sel diperhatikan dengan aliran sitometri. Ekpresi Bcl-2 dan protein siklin D1 yang memainkan peranan dalam apoptosis dan kawal-selia kitaran sel diperhatikan melalui imunositokimia. Keputusan menunjukkan bahawa poliisoprenoid daripada daun R. mucronata dan C. tagal mengeluarkan ketoksikan terhadap titisan sel WiDr, masing-masing dengan nilai IC₅₀ 278 ± 5.77 dan 276 ± 9.54 μg/mL. Poliisoprenoid daripada daun R. mucronata dan C. tagal dengan ketara mengaruh apoptosis dan menyebabkan tangkapan kitaran sel dalam fasa G0/G1, selain menurunkan ekspresi Bcl-2 dan siklin D1. Keputusan kami mengesahkan bahawa poliisoprenoid daripada daun R. mucronata dan C. tagal mempunyai potensi untuk dibangunkan sebagai agen anti-kanser untuk kanser kolon.

Kata kunci: Apoptosis; Ceriops tagal; dolichol; Rhizophora mucronata; sitotoksik

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: m.basyuni@usu.ac.id