Sains Malaysiana 47(9)(2018): 1969–1977

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2018-4709-04

Penggunaan Spesies Ikan Air Tawar Terpilih sebagai Penunjuk Biologi Pencemaran Kromium dan Selenium di Malaysia

(Use of Selected Freshwater Fishes as Bioindicator for Chromium and Selenium Pollution

in Malaysia)

NURUL AKHMA ZAKARIA, AHMAD ABAS KUTTY*, MOHD AKMAL MAHAZAR & MARINA ZAINAL ABIDIN

Pusat Pengajian Sains Sekitaran dan Sumber Alam, Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

Diserahkan: 11 Mac 2018/Diterima: 24 Mei 2018

ABSTRAK

Tiga spesies ikan air tawar iaitu Rasbora sumatrana (Cyprinidae), Poecilia reticulata (guppy; Poeciliidae) dan Carrasius auratus telah didedahkan kepada kromium (Cr) dan selenium (Se) yang mempunyai julat kepekatan yang berbeza selama 4 hari (96 jam) di dalam makmal. Kadar kematian dicatatkan dan kepekatan kematian ambang (LC₅₀) dan masa kematian ambang (LT₅₀) dihitung. Nilai LC₅₀ kepekatan kematian median (LC₅₀) dan masa kematian median (LT₅₀) didapati berkurang dengan peningkatan kepekatan logam dan masa pendedahan bagi kesemua spesies ikan. Nilai LC₅₀ bagi pendedahan selama 96 jam bagi R. sumatrana, P. reticulata dan C. auratus kajian ini masing-masing bagi Cr adalah 20.91, 19.85, 28.31 mg/L dan bagi Se pula 0.21, 3.03, 0.24 mg/L. Se mempamerkan ketoksikan paling tinggi terhadap tiga spesies ikan air tawar ini apabila mempunyai nilai LC₅₀ 96 jam paling rendah jika dibandingkan dengan Cr.

Kata kunci: Ikan; kesensitifan; ketoksikan akut; LC₅₀; logam berat

ABSTRACT

Three species of freshwater fish, Rasbora sumatrana (Cyprinidae) and Poecilia reticulata (guppy; Poeciliidae) and Carrasius auratus were exposed to (chromium (Cr) and selenium (Se)) at varied concentrations for 96 h in the laboratory. Mortality was assessed and median lethal concentrations (LC₅₀) and median lethal times (LT₅₀) were calculated. It was observed that the LC₅₀ and LT₅₀ values decreased with an increase in mean exposure concentrations and times, for both metals and for all fish types. The 96h LC₅₀ values R. sumatrana, P. reticulata and C. auratus were 20.91, 19.85, 28.31 mg/L for Cr and 0.21, 3.03, 0.24 mg/L for Se, respectively. Results indicated that Se was the most toxic metal on all types of fishes with lowest LC₅₀ values compared to Cr.

Keywords: Fish; heavy metals; LC₅₀; toxicity; sensitivity

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: abas@ukm.edu.my