Sains Malaysiana 47(9)(2018): 2141–2149

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2018-4709-23

Mechanical and Bioactive Properties of Mullite Reinforced Pseudowollastonite Biocomposite

(Sifat Mekanik dan Kebioaktifan Biokomposit Pseudowolastonit Diperkuat dengan Mulit)

FARAH ‘ATIQAH ABDUL AZAM¹, ROSLINDA SHAMSUDIN^1*, MIN HWEI NG², ZALITA ZAINUDDIN¹, MUHAMMAD AZMI ABDUL HAMID¹ & RASHITA ABDUL RASHID³

¹School of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

²Tissue Engineering Centre, 12th Floor, Clinical Block, UKM Medical Centre, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan, Malaysia

³Mineral Research Centre, Minerals, and Geoscience Department, 31400 Ipoh, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia

Diserahkan: 14 Mac 2018/Diterima: 2 Jun 2018

ABSTRACT

Bioactive composites consist of pseudowollastonite and mullite synthesized from natural resources was developed for bone implant applications. To realize such applications, a mechanical test of these composites and in vitro bioactivity in SBF solution were studied. The present paper reports pseudowollastonite synthesized from the rice husk ash and limestone reinforced with 10, 20 and 30 wt. % of mullite. Influence of sintering temperature, phase composition, morphology towards mechanical properties of various pseudowollastonite-mullite (PSW-M) composites was examined prior to the bioactivity test. It was found that pseudowollastonite with the addition of 20 wt. % of mullite sintered at 1150°C gave the best result for diametral tensile strength (DTS) and hardness with the value of 8.8 ± 0.15 MPa and 3.79 ± 0.13 GPa, respectively. The obvious increment in the mechanical strength was due to the formation of liquid phase CaAl₂O₃ during sintering at 1150°C. In addition, the formation of fibrous apatite (HA) layer of amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) with Ca/P ratio 1.8 on PSW20M sample confirmed the good bioactivity of the composite.

Keywords: Bioactivity; mechanical; mullite; pseudowollastonite

ABSTRAK

Komposit bioaktif yang terdiri daripada pseudowolastonit dan mulit disintesis daripada sumber semula jadi telah dibangunkan untuk aplikasi implan tulang. Untuk merealisasikan aplikasi ini, ujian mekanik dan kebioaktifan secara in vitro dalam larutan badan tersimulasi (SBF) bagi komposit ini telah dijalankan. Kajian pada kali ini melaporkan pseudowolastonit yang disintesis daripada abu sekam padi dan batu kapur yang diperkuat dengan 10, 20 dan 30 % bt. kandungan mulit. Pengaruh suhu sinteran, komposisi, fasa dan morfologi terhadap sifat mekanik komposit pseudowolastonit-mulit (PSW-M) telah dianalisis sebelum ujian kebioaktifan dijalankan. Keputusan mendapati pseudowolastonit dengan penambahan 20 % bt. mulit yang disinter pada suhu 1150°C memberikan hasil yang terbaik untuk kekuatan regangan diameter (DTS) dan kekerasan masing-masing dengan nilai 8.8 ± 0.15 MPa dan 3.79 ± 0.13 GPa. Peningkatan kekuatan mekanik yang ketara ini adalah disebabkan oleh pembentukan fasa cair CaAl₂O₃ semasa proses sinteran pada suhu 1150°C. Di samping itu, pembentukan lapisan apatit (HA) jenis kalsium fosfat amorfus (ACP) dengan nisbah (Ca / P: 1.8) bagi sampel PSW20M pada hari ke-7 membuktikan kebioaktifan yang baik daripada komposit ini.

Kata kunci: Kebioaktifan; mekanik; mulit; pseudowolastonit

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: linda@ukm.edu.my