Sains Malaysiana 48(5)(2019): 991–998

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2019-4805-07

 

Effect of Diet Containing Palm Kernel Cake and Coconut Meal Cake on Growth Performance and Carcass Quality of Free-Range Chicken in Malaysia

(Kesan daripada Diet yang Mengandungi Isirung Kernal Sawit dan Isirung Kelapa pada Prestasi Pertumbuhan dan Kualiti Sembelihan Ayam Lepas Bebas di Malaysia)

 

M. MOHD SHAHMI HAKIMI^1,2, Z. ALIAS^3*, M.M. RAHMAN⁴, W.E. WAN KHADIJAH^3,5 & R.B. ABDULLAH^3,5

 

¹Animal Biotechnology-Embryo Laboratory (ABEL), Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur Federal Territory, Malaysia

 

²Glami Lemi Biotechnology Research Centre University of Malaya, 71650 Jelebu, Negeri Sembilan Darul Khusus, Malaysia

 

³UM Halal Research Centre (UMHRS), Academy of Islamic Studies, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur Federal Territory, Malaysia

 

⁴Faculty of Agro Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan (Jeli Campus), 17600 Jeli, Kelantan Darul Naim, Malaysia

 

⁵Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry, University Sultan Zainal Abidin, Besut Campus, 22200 Besut, Terengganu Darul Iman, Malaysia

 

 

Diserahkan: 3 Julai 2018/Diterima: 25 Februari 2019

 

ABSTRACT

Significant increase in feed cost has forced many farmers to identify new alternative sources for free-range chicken diet by using local ingredients to replace imported feeds. This study aim was to evaluate the effect of age and diet containing palm kernel cake (PKC) and coconut meal cake (CMC) on feed intake, growth and carcass quality of free-range chickens in Malaysia. Two hundred crossbred free-range chickens were reared from day old to 12 Weeks of age. At 3 Weeks of age, chickens were divided into 2 dietary treatment groups: Commercial finisher diet (CFD) and formulated finisher diet (FFD) containing CMC and PKC, whereby the body weight and feed intake were measured weekly until the end of the study. The chickens were slaughtered at 9 and 12 Weeks of age. Most data showed no significant difference on growth performance between diets. Male CFD showed higher growth rate than the male FFD diet, while no significant difference was observed on growth rate of female chicken for both diets. Despite that, FFD fed chickens showed no significant different between CFD chickens in term of meat to bone ratio at 12th Week of age, indicating that FFD could result in production meat as good as CFD chickens and produce low undesirable products. In conclusion, CMC and PKC have the potential to be used in FFD as an alternative to CFD for free range chickens.

 

Keywords: Age; crossbred free-range chickens; finisher diet; growth performance; local feed sources

 

ABSTRAK

Kenaikan kos makanan yang ketara telah memaksa ramai petani mengenal pasti sumber alternatif baru, contohnya, menggunakan ramuan tempatan untuk menggantikan makanan yang diimport. Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk menilai kesan umur dan diet yang mengandungi isirung kernel sawit (PKC) dan isirung kelapa (CMC) terhadap pengambilan makanan, pertumbuhan dan kualiti karkas ayam kampung di Malaysia. Dua ratus (200) ayam kampung kacukan diternak dari sehari hingga 12 minggu. Pada umur 3 minggu, ayam dibahagikan kepada 2 kumpulan rawatan diet: diet akhir komersial (CFD) dan diet formulasi akhir (FFD) yang mengandungi CMC dan PKC dengan berat badan dan suapan makanan diukur setiap minggu sehingga akhir kajian. Ayam disembelih pada umur 9 dan 12 minggu. Data menunjukkan tiada perbezaan yang signifikan terhadap prestasi pertumbuhan antara diet. Ayam jantan yang diberi makan CFD menunjukkan kadar pertumbuhan yang lebih tinggi daripada diet FFD ayam jantan, sementara tiada perbezaan yang signifikan diperhatikan pada kadar pertumbuhan ayam betina bagi kedua-dua diet. Walaupun begitu, FFD yang diberi kepada ayam menunjukkan tiada perbezaan yang signifikan antara ayam CFD daripada segi nisbah daging hingga tulang pada minggu ke-12, menunjukkan bahawa FFD boleh menghasilkan pengeluaran daging yang baik seperti ayam CFD dan menghasilkan produk yang tidak diingini yang rendah. Sebagai kesimpulan, CMC dan PKC mempunyai potensi untuk digunakan dalam FFD sebagai alternatif kepada CFD untuk ayam kampung.

 

Kata kunci: Ayam kampung kacukan; diet akhir; prestasi pertumbuhan; sumber makan tempatan; umur

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: alias@um.edu.my