Sains Malaysiana 48(8)(2019): 1609–1618

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2019-4808-06

Distribution, Diversity, and Specificity of a Parasitic Algal Genus Cephaleuros in Thailand

(Taburan, Kepelbagaian dan Kekhususan dalam Genus Alga parasit Cephaleuros di Thailand)

WIKROM CHANTHAPATCHOT & ANCHITTHA SATJARAK*

Department of Botany, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand  

Diserahkan: 8 Mac 2019/Diterima: 12 Mei 2019

ABSTRACT

Cephaleuros has been recognized as a terrestrial parasitic green algal genus causing algal red rust diseases which have violently damaged economic crops worldwide. To obtain information of the algal distribution in Thailand and to understand the specificity of the algal parasite and their hosts, we reviewed the reports on this algal genus in Thailand and performed comparative analyses of the algal-host specificity. Results indicated that more than 10 species of Cephaleuros have been reported across Thailand. Their presence varies from regions to regions with the highest numbers of reports from the southern part of Thailand. The leaf area of infection also varied due to the different algal infecting mechanisms. We found that C. annonae, C. drouetii, C. henningsii, C. lagerheimii, C. parasiticus, C. pilosa, C. piperis and C. solutus appeared to be specific to plant family while C. diffusus, C. expansa, C. karstenii, C. tumidae-setae and C. virescens infected wider range of plant species. Among these, C. virescens had the highest number of reports as it was present in all the regions of Thailand where it infected various plant species belonging to more than 20 plant families. Analyses of C. virescens suggested the presence of putative sequence of gene encoding a virulence protein in this alga. The information on the distribution and algal-host specificity might help in understanding the spread of this red rust plant disease due to the algal genus Cephaleuros in Thai economic plants.

Keywords: Algal red rust disease; Cephaleuros; green algae; parasitic algae; specificity

ABSTRAK

Cephaleuros telah diiktiraf sebagai genus alga hijau parasit daratan yang menyebabkan penyakit karat merah alga yang telah merosakkan tanaman ekonomi di seluruh dunia. Untuk mendapatkan maklumat tentang sebaran alga ini di Thailand dan untuk memahami kekhususan parasit alga dan hos, kami mengkaji laporan mengenai genus alga ini di Thailand dan melakukan analisis komparatif tentang kekhususan algal-hos. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa lebih daripada 10 spesiesCephaleuros telah dilaporkan di seluruh Thailand. Kehadiran spesies tersebut berbeza di kawasan berbeza dengan bilangan tertinggi laporan dari bahagian selatan Thailand. Kawasan jangkitan daun juga berubah disebabkan oleh mekanisme jangkitan alga yang berbeza. Kami mendapatiC. annonae, C. drouetii, C. henningsii, C. lagerheimii, C. parasiticus, C. pilosa, C. piperis dan C. solutus didapati khusus untuk famili tumbuhan tertentu manakalaC. diffusus, C. expansa, C. karstenii, C. tumidae-setae dan C. virescens menjangkiti pelbagai spesies tumbuhan. Antaranya, C. virescens mempunyai bilangan laporan tertinggi yang terdapat di semua wilayah Thailand dan menjangkiti pelbagai spesies tumbuhan melebihi daripada 20 famili tumbuhan. AnalisisC. virescens mencadangkan kehadiran jujukan gen putatif yang mengekodkan protein kevirulenan dalam alga ini. Maklumat tentang sebaran dan kekhususan alga-hos mungkin membantu dalam memahami penyebaran penyakit tumbuhan karat merah yang disebabkan oleh genus Cephaleuros dalam tumbuhan ekonomi Thai.

Kata kunci: Alga hijau; alga parasit; Cephaleuros; kekhususan; penyakit karat merah alga

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: anchittha.satjarak@gmail.com