Sains Malaysiana 48(8)(2019): 1729–1736

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2019-4808-19

Prevalence, Extent and Severity of the Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics among Malaysian Adolescents

(Keprevalenan, Takat dan Keterukan Kesan Psikososial Pergigian Estetika dalam kalangan Remaja Malaysia

WAN NURAZREENA WAN HASSAN¹*, ZAMROS Y.M. YUSOF², SZE WAN YUEN³, ZAWANI MOHD TAJUDIN¹, NAJIHAH LOKMAN³ & MOHD ZAMBRI MOHAMED MAKHBUL⁴

¹Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia

²Department of Community Oral Health and Clinical Prevention, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia

³Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia

⁴Ministry of Health Malaysia, Orthodontic Unit, Klinik Pergigian Cahaya Suria (Sementara), Tingkat 1, Bangunan Pudu Sentral, Jalan Pudu, 55100 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia

Diserahkan: 10 Februari 2019/Diterima: 31 Mei 2019

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to assess the prevalence, extent and severity of the psychosocial impact of dental aesthetics (PIDA) among Malaysian adolescents especially those with self-perceived malocclusion, and to determine if age and gender affected their PIDA. A cross-sectional study using a self-administered questionnaire was conducted on 12-17 year old schoolchildren from schools across Malaysia selected via a multi-stage sampling method. The questionnaire included the Malaysian Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics (Malaysian PIDA) questionnaire and the Aesthetic Component of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN-AC). The Malaysian PIDA measured four domains: (Dental Self Confidence, 6 items; Social Impact, 8 items; Psychological Impact, 6 items; and Aesthetic Concern, 2 items) to assess impacts on the oral health-related quality of life specific to malocclusion. While the IOTN-AC comprised a 10-point photographic scale to assess self-perceived malocclusion. Data analysis using SPSS version 20 was involved using complete data on 901 participants. The prevalence of PIDA was 90.0% while prevalence associated with self-perceived malocclusion was 96.0%. Impact of dental aesthetics was highest on the psychological wellbeing of the adolescents, followed by their self-confidence. In terms of the extent of impact, 14.0% reported significant impact on all four domains and 19.2% were associated with self-perceived malocclusion. The prevalence of impacts was higher in younger adolescents and females. In terms of the extent and severity of impacts, younger adolescents reported higher impacts but with small effect sizes, while differences between boys and girls were not significant.

Keywords: Adolescent health; malocclusion; oral health care; oral health-related quality of life; orthodontics

ABSTRAK

Kajian ini bertujuan menilai prevalens, tahap dan keterukan impak estetik pergigian terhadap psikososial (PIDA) dalam kalangan remaja di Malaysia terutamanya yang bertanggapan bahawa mereka mempunyai malokulusi dan kajian juga ingin menentukan sama ada umur dan jantina mempengaruhi PIDA mereka. Kajian keratan rentas yang menggunakan soal selidik pengurusan kendiri telah dijalankan ke atas kanak-kanak sekolah berumur 12-17 tahun daripada sekolah-sekolah seluruh Malaysia yang dipilih melalui kaedah pensampelan pelbagai tahap. Soal selidik merangkumi soal selidik Impak Estetik Pergigian terhadap Psikososial populasi Malaysia (PIDA Malaysia) dan Komponen Estetik Indeks Keperluan Rawatan Ortodontik (IOTN-AC). PIDA Malaysia mengukur empat domain: (Keyakinan Diri Berkaitan Pergigian, 6 item; Impak Sosial, 8 item; Impak Psikologi, 6 item; dan Keprihatinan Estetik, 2 item) bagi menilai impak kesihatan oral khusus tentang malokulusi terhadap kualiti hidup. Sementara itu, IOTN-AC yang merangkumi skala 10-mata berbentuk gambarajah digunakan untuk menilai malokulusi tanggapan kendiri. Data yang dianalisis menggunakan SPSS versi 20 melibatkan data lengkap 901 responden. Prevalens PIDA adalah 90.0% manakala prevalens berkaitan malokulusi tanggapan kendiri adalah 96.0%. Kesan estetik pergigian memberi kesan tertinggi kepada kesejahteraan psikologi remaja, diikuti dengan keyakinan diri mereka. Daripada segi tahap impak, 14.0% melaporkan kesan yang signifikan ke atas semua domain dan 19.2% dikaitkan dengan malokulusi tanggapan kendiri. Prevalens impak adalah lebih tinggi dalam kalangan responden awal remaja dan perempuan. Daripada segi tahap dan keterukan impak, responden awal remaja melaporkan impak yang lebih tinggi, namun kesan saiznya adalah kecil, sementara perbezaan antara responden lelaki dan perempuan adalah tidak signifikan.

Kata kunci: Kesihatan remaja; kualiti hidup berkaitan kesihatan oral; malokulusi; ortodontik; penjagaan kesihatan pergigian

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: wannurazreena@um.edu.my