Sains Malaysiana 49(10)(2020): 2411-2424

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2020-4910-07

Morpho-Physiological and Anatomical Character Changes of Rice Under Waterlogged and Water-Saturated Acidic and High Fe Content Soil

(Morfo-Fisiologi dan Perubahan Ciri Anatomi Padi di bawah Pengelogan Air dan Tanah Air Tepu Berasid serta Tinggi Kandungan Fe)

T. TURHADI¹, H. HAMIM¹, MUNIF GHULAMAHDI² & M. MIFTAHUDIN¹*

¹Plant Biology Graduate Program, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences-Bogor, Agricultural University (IPB University), Kampus IPB Dramaga, 16680 Bogor, Indonesia

²Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture-Bogor Agricultural, University (IPB University), Kampus IPB Dramaga, 16680 Bogor, Indonesia

Diserahkan: 30 Januari 2020/Diterima: 9 Mei 2020

ABSTRACT

Waterlogging is one of the limiting factors in crop cultivation. Moreover, high iron (Fe) content in acidic soils could also disturb plant growth. However, there is limited scientific information of morpho-physiological and anatomical responses of rice grown in waterlogged acidic soils with high Fe. Therefore, the objective of the research was to investigate the morpho-physiological and anatomical responses of rice to waterlogged and water-saturated soil condition in acidic soil with high Fe. Morpho-physiological and anatomical characters of rice were evaluated. The results showed that the waterlogging in acidic and high Fe content soil disturbed the rice growth as indicated by the change of morpho-physiological and anatomical characters. The water-saturated soil showed better condition for rice cultivation than that of waterlogging. The plant biomass, root anatomical, lipid peroxidation level, Fe absorption, and leaf gas exchange parameter could be evidences of changes in rice under both conditions. Based on the waterlogging tolerance coefficient (WTC), we proposed shoot and root dry weight, cortex thickness, and Fe content in shoot as screening tools for waterlogging tolerance of rice in acidic and high Fe content soil. The finding offers insight about waterlogged condition in acidic and high Fe soil could be restored in crop cultivation.

Keywords: Leaf gas exchange; root anatomical; waterlogging; water-saturated

ABSTRAK

Pengelogan air merupakan salah satu faktor pembatasan dalam penuaian tanaman. Selain itu, kandungan besi (Fe) yang tinggi dalam tanah yang berasid juga boleh mengganggu pertumbuhan tanaman. Namun, terdapat maklumat saintifik yang terhad berkenaan morfo-fisiologi dan tindak balas anatomi terhadap pertumbuhan padi di kawasan tanah berasid pengelogan air dengan kandungan Fe yang tinggi. Oleh itu, objektif kajian ini adalah untuk mengkaji morfo-fisiologi dan tindak balas anatomi padi terhadap pengelogan air dan tanah tepu air dalam keadaan tanah berasid dengan kandungan Fe yang tinggi. Morfo-fisiologi dan ciri anatomi dinilai. Keputusan kajian menunjukkan bahawa pengelogan air berasid dan kandungan Fe yang tinggi di dalam tanah mengganggu pertumbuhan padi seperti yang ditunjukkan daripada perubahan morfo-fisiologi dan ciri anotomi. Tanah tepu air menunjukkan keadaan yang lebih baik untuk penuaian padi berbanding kawasan pengelogan air. Biojisim tumbuhan, anatomi akar, tahap pemperoksidaan lipid, penyerapan Fe dan parameter pertukaran gas daun boleh menjadi bukti untuk mengkaji perubahan padi di bawah keadaan yang ditetapkan. Berdasarkan pekali toleransi pengelogan air (WTC), kami mencadangkan berat kering pucuk dan akar, ketebalan korteks serta kandungan Fe pada pucuk sebagai alat saringan untuk toleransi pengelogan air padi di kawasan berasid dan kandungan Fe yang tinggi dalam tanah. Hasil kajian memberikan pandangan berkenaan keadaan pengelogan air berasid dan kandungan Fe yang tinggi dalam tanah dapat dipulihkan dalam penuaian tanaman.

Kata kunci: Air tepu; anatomi akar; pertukaran gas daun; takung air

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: miftahudin@apps.ipb.ac.id