Sains Malaysiana 49(10)(2020): 2477-2486

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2020-4910-13

Evaluation and Optimization of a New Approach on Phenol Extraction from Real Water

(Penilaian dan Pengoptimuman Pendekatan yang Baharu untuk Memisahkan Fenol daripada Air Semula Jadi)

NIK NUR ATIQAH NIK WEE¹, NUR IRSALINA MOHD JUBER¹, MOHD NOR FAIZ NORRRAHIM² & NOORASHIKIN MD. SALEH¹*

¹Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, CESPRO, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

²Research Center for Chemical Defence, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Kem Sungai Besi, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia

Diserahkan: 16 Januari 2020/Diterima: 29 April 2020

Abstract

Phenolic compounds are hazardous industrial wastes that can contaminate real water resources. Therefore, the removal of these compounds in order to reach acceptable levels before discharging becomes challenging. In this study, a combination method between dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) with high-performance liquid chromatography-UV detection at 280 nm with the isocratic condition was introduced as a new approach for separating phenol content in water samples. The optimized parameters that affect the extraction efficiency, such as type of solvents, the volume of extraction and dispersive, stirring speed of centrifuge and salt concentration were evaluated using response surface methodology (RSM). A central composite design (CCD) was used to investigate the effect of four independent variables parameters, as mentioned. The recovery value on the DLLME method for the water sample is in the range of 92.31 - 114.29%. Based on the recovery obtained, the DLMME-HPLC-UV is a promising method for phenol extraction because it is simple, effective and produce a high percentage of the recovery.

Keywords: Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction; high-performance liquid-chromatography-UV; phenol; response surface methodology; water sample

Abstrak

Sebatian fenol adalah sisa industri berbahaya yang boleh mencemari sumber air semula jadi. Oleh itu, penyingkiran sebatian ini daripada air untuk mencapai tahap yang selamat sebelum dilepaskan menjadi suatu perkara yang mencabar. Dalam kajian ini, gabungan kaedah mikroektraksi cecair-cecair serak (DLLME) dengan kromatografi cecair prestasi tinggi-pengesanan UV pada 280 nm dalam keadaan isokumen diperkenalkan sebagai pendekatan yang baru untuk memisahkan fenol yang terdapat di dalam sampel air. Untuk mengoptimunkan parameter yang mempengaruhi kadar kecekapan pengekstrakan, seperti jenis pelarut, jumlah pengekstrakan dan serakan, kelajuan pengadukan emparan dan juga kepekatan garam dinilai menggunakan kaedah permukaan tindak balas (RSM). Reka bentuk komposit pusat (CCD) digunakan untuk mengkaji kesan empat parameter pemboleh ubah bebas seperti yang dinyatakan. Nilai pemulihan kaedah DLLME untuk sampel air adalah dalam lingkungan 92.31% - 114.29%. Berdasarkan nilai pemulihan yang diperoleh, DLLME-HPLC-UV adalah kaedah yang menjanjikan untuk pengestrakan fenol kerana ia adalah mudah, berkesan dan dapat menghasilkan peratusan pemulihan yang tinggi.

Kata kunci: Fenol; kaedah permukaan tindak balas; kromatografi cecair prestasi tinggi-pengesanan UV;mikroektraksi cecair-cecair serakan; sampel air

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: noorashikin@ukm.edu.my