Sains Malaysiana 49(11)(2020): 2609-2623

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2020-4911-01

Intraspecific Phenotypic Variation in Nearly Threatened Mottled Nandus, Nandus nandus(Hamilton, 1822)

(Variasi Fenotip Intrakhusus Patung Belang Nandus yang Hampir Terancam, Nandus nandus (Hamilton, 1822))

MD. SAROWER-E-MAHFUJ¹, MD. ABDUS SAMAD¹, FEE FAYSAL AHMED², MD. ABDUL ALIM¹, YOSNI BAKAR³ & SIMON KUMAR DAS^3,4*

¹Department of Fisheries and Marine Biosciences, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore-7408, Bangladesh

²Department of Mathematics, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore-7408, Bangladesh

³Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

⁴Marine Ecosystem Research Center, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

Diserahkan: 12 Februari 2018/Diterima: 22 Mei 2020

ABSTRACT

Understanding intraspecific phenotypic plasticity is a prerequisite of stock identification, evolutionary studies, sustainable utilization, and fishery conservation. In this study, intraspecific phenotypic plasticity was assessed in terms of the external features (i.e. meristic, morphometric, and truss-based morphometrics) of the wild Nandus populations from four freshwater sources in Southwestern Bangladesh. Fish samples were collected from Arial Kha River, Madaripur (AKRM, n=26); Nabaganga River, Jhenaidah (NRJ, n=22); Bohnni Baor, Gopalganj (BBG, n=26); and Dhakuria Beel, Jashore (DBJ, n=22). Meristic, morphometric, and truss network data were subjected to one-way ANOVA followed by post hoc (Tukey-HSD) test. The meristic counts of all the samples demonstrated significant differences only in one of the six characters. By contrast, significant differences were observed in 8 morphometric characters and 31 truss network data from 16 morphometric characters and 35 truss network data, respectively. Principal component (PCA) and canonical variate analyses (CVA) were also performed on morphometric and truss-based network data. Meristic and morphometric results from PCA and CVA showed that populations were completely intermingled, forming a compact cluster within intrapopulation levels, while truss morphometric characters formed a separate cluster. Three dendrograms independently based on phenotypic relationships among the individuals of the four populations also confirmed the absence of phenotypic differentiation among the population due to clustering of different groups. The baseline information resulting from the current study would be useful for genetic studies and further in situ conservation of Nandus populations in Bangladesh.

Keywords: Canonical variate analysis; freshwater; morphometric; meristic; nandus; principle component analysis; Truss morphometry

ABSTRAK

Memahami keplastikan fenotip intrakhusus adalah satu pra-syarat untuk mengenal pasti stok, kajian evolusi dan pemanfaatan lestari dan pemuliharaan dalam perikanan. Dalam kajian ini kepelbagaian fenotip intrakhusus dinilai dari segi ciri luaran (iaitu meristik, morfometri dan morfometri dasarkan truss) daripada populasi liar ikan nandus dari empat sumber air tawar di selatan-barat Bangladesh. Sampel ikan dikumpulkan dari Arial Kha River, Madaripur (AKRM), (n = 26); Sungai Nabaganga, Jhenaidah (NRJ), (n = 22); Bohnni Baor, Gopalganj (BBJ), (n = 26); dan Dhakuria Beel, Jashore (DBJ), (n = 22). Data meristik, morfometri dan rangkaian truss dianalisis menggunakan varians satu arah (ANOVA) diikuti dengan ujian Post-hoc (Tukey-HSD). Perhitungan meristik untuk kesemua sampel menunjukkan perbezaan yang signifikan hanya dalam satu ciri daripada enam ciri manakala perbezaan yang signifikan diperhatikan dalam 8 ciri morfometrik dan 31 rangkaian data truss masing-masing daripada 16 ciri morfometrik dan 35 rangkaian data truss. Di samping itu, analisis komponen utama (PCA) dan analisis fungsi diskriminasi (CVA) dilakukan dengan menggunakan morfometrik dan data rangkaian berasaskan truss. Hasil daripada PCA dan CVA menunjukkan populasi terpisah sepenuhnya serta membentuk kelompok yang padat dalam tahap intra-populasi. Tiga dendrogram secara bebas berdasarkan hubungan fenotip antara individu daripada empat populasi dibina. Populasi NRJ, BBG dan DBJ membentuk populasi kumpulan masing-masing berdasarkan meristik, morfometrik dan truss morfometrik. Maklumat asas yang dihasilkan daripada kajian semasa adalah mudah untuk kajian genetik dan pemuliharaanpopulasi Nandus secara in situ di Bangladesh.

Kata kunci: Air tawar; analisis fungsi diskriminasi; meristik; morfometrik; morfometri Truss; nandus

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*Pengarang untuk surat menyurat; email: simon@ukm.edu.my