Sains Malaysiana 49(11)(2020): 2659-2665

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2020-4911-05

Pembangunan Biopenderia Enzim berasaskan Kolinasterase untuk Mengesan Kehadiran Bahan Cemar Seperti Racun Serangga dan Logam Berat

(Enzymatic Biosensor Development based on Cholinesterase in Detecting the Presence of Toxic Substances such as Insecticides and Heavy Metals)

MOHD KHALIZAN SABULLAH*

Program Bioteknologi, Fakulti Sains dan Sumber Alam, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia

Diserahkan: 26 November 2019/Diterima: 18 Mei 2020

ABSTRAK

Bioteknologi merupakan cabang ilmu yang semakin berkembang seiring dengan kemajuan sesebuah negara. Malaysia juga tidak ketinggalan kerana kesedaran dalam bidang ini bakal memberi impak positif sejajar dengan pembangunan kesemua sektor dalam negara seperti pertanian, perikanan, industri pembuatan, makanan, kesihatan dan kelestarian alam sekitar. Oleh itu, pendedahan ilmu bioteknologi wajar diperluaskan daripada setiap peringkat umur bagi menanam minat dan mampu melahirkan ramai pakar dalam bidang ini. Biopenderia merupakan salah satu cabang bioteknologi yang semakin mendapat perhatian oleh kerana penggunaannya yang terbukti berkesan, cepat, murah dan tidak memerlukan kepakaran yang khusus untuk pengendalian. Dalam konteks ini, pengetahuan mengenai bidang bioteknologi melalui pengaplikasian biopenderia mudah disampaikan dan dapat menjana idea, penciptaan dan inovasi yang baharu pada masa akan datang. Ulasan ini membincangkan asas pengetahuan biopenderia menggunakan kolinasterase sebagai contoh yang berfungsi dalam mengesan kehadiran bahan toksik dalam sesuatu medium terutamanya air. Selain itu juga, kaedah pengendalian biopenderia turut dibincangkan secara terperinci berserta perbandingan dengan kaedah konvensional yang berkos tinggi, mengambil masa yang lama untuk penjanaan data dan memerlukan kepakaran teknikal. Kekangan ini menjadikan biopenderia sebagai kaedah alternatif yang terbukti lebih sensitif untuk mengesan kehadiran bahan toksik seperti racun serangga dan logam berat dalam alam sekitar.

Kata kunci: Asai Ellman; asetilkolinasterase; biopenderia; bioteknologi; perencat

ABSTRACT

Biotechnology is a growing branch of knowledge as a country progress. Malaysia is moving forward due to the awareness in this area that will have a positive impact in line with the development of all sectors in the country such as agriculture, aquaculture, manufacturing industry, food, health, and environmental sustainability. Therefore, exposure to biotechnology should be broadened at every age to nurture interest and will be able to produce many experts in the field. Biosensor is one of the branches of biotechnology that is gaining popularity as its applications are proved to be effective, fast, inexpensive, and do not require specific expertise in its operations. In this context, the knowledge in biotechnology through the application of biosensor is easy to convey and may generate new ideas, inventions, and innovations in the future. This review discusses the basic knowledge of biosensor using cholinesterase as an example in detecting the presence of toxic substances in a medium, especially water. Besides, the operational methods of biosensors was also discussed in detail as well as its comparison with conventional methods that are high costs, require longer time for data generation and high technical expertise. These constrains made biosensor serves as an alternative method that proven more sensitive in detecting the presence of toxic substances such as insecticides and heavy metals in the environment.

Keywords: Acetylcholinesterase; biosensor; biotechnology; Ellman assay; inhibitor

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: khalizan@ums.edu.my