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Sains Malaysiana 49(11)(2020): 2679-2687
http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2020-4911-07
Thermal
Behavior of Cocrystal: A Case Study of Ketoprofen-Malonic Acid and Ketoprofen-Nicotinamide Cocrystals
(Kelakuan Termal Kokristal: Kajian Kes Kokristal Ketoprofen-Asid Malonik dan Ketoprofen-Nikotinamida)
YUDI
WICAKSONO1,5*, DWI SETYAWAN2, ARI SATIA NUGRAHA3,5 & SISWANDONO4
1Department
of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Jember,
68121 Jember, Indonesia
2Department
of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Airlangga University, 60286 Surabaya, Indonesia
3Drug Utilisation and Discovery Research Group, Faculty of
Pharmacy, University of Jember
68121 Jember, Indonesia
4Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Airlangga University, 60286 Surabaya, Indonesia
5Center
for Development of Advanced Science and Technology, University of Jember, 68121 Jember, Indonesia
Diserahkan: 30 November 2019/Diterima: 25
Mei 2020
ABSTRACT
Thermal
properties are essential parameters in transformations of solid state. It is
useful for estimating physical-chemical interactions that occur specifically in
a multicomponent system as cocrystal. However, there
is still minimum information about determining the thermal properties of cocrystal in literature. In this study, the investigation
of thermal behavior of cocrystal was determined in
non-isothermal conditions based on the Kissinger method. The ketoprofen-malonic acid (KMA) and ketoprofen-nicotinamide
(KN) cocrystal used as model were prepared using
solvent evaporation method, while the characterization was performed by powder
x-ray diffraction (PXRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and
Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR). From the experimental results, the
activation energy (Ea) of pure ketoprofen, KMA cocrystal, and KN cocrystal are 264.38, 384.77, and 116.64 kJ mol-1,
while the enthalpy of activation (ΔH*) are 261.31, 381.78, and 113.76 kJ mol-1, respectively. The
calculated values of entropy of activation (ΔS*) for pure ketoprofen, KMA cocrystal, and KN cocrystal are
465.22, 809.77, and 84.34 J K-1 mol-1 and the free energy
of activation (ΔG*) of pure ketoprofen, KMA cocrystal, and KN cocrystal obtained by general thermodynamic equation
are 89.53, 90.87, and 84.62 kJ mol-1, respectively. Experimental
results of the thermodynamic parameters showed cocrystals to have a positive value of ΔS*,
indicating the formation of cocrystals was a
non-spontaneous process. Also, the KMA cocrystal had
greater free energy of activation (ΔG*) than the KN cocrystal which indicated the
formation of the crystal lattice involving greater binding energy than KN cocrystal.
Keywords: Cocrystal; ketoprofen;
Kissinger method; thermal properties
ABSTRAK
Sifat terma adalah parameter penting dalam transformasi keadaan pepejal. Ia berguna untuk menganggar interaksi fizikal-kimia yang berlaku secara khusus dalam sistem multikomponen sebagai kokristal. Walau bagaimanapun, maklumat berkenaan penentuan sifat terma kokristal dalam kajian kepustakaan masih kurang. Dalam penyelidikan ini, kajian terhadap sifat terma kokristal ditentukan dalam keadaan bukan isotermal berdasarkan kaedah Kissinger. Ketoprofen-asid malonik (KMA) dan ketoprofen-nikotinamida (KN) yang digunakan sebagai model disediakan menggunakan kaedah penyejatan pelarut, sementara pencirian dilakukan dengan pembelauan sinar-x serbuk (PXRD), kalorimetri pengimbasan pembezaan (DSC) dan transformasi Fourier inframerah (FTIR). Daripada keputusan kajian, tenaga pengaktifan (Ea) ketoprofen tulen, kokristal KMA, dan kokristal KN adalah 264.38, 384.77 dan 116.64
kJ mol-1, sementara entalpi pengaktifan (ΔH*) masing-masing adalah 261.31, 381.78 dan 113.76
kJ mol-1. Nilai pengiraan entropi pengaktifan (ΔS*) untuk ketoprofen tulen, kokristal KMA dan kokristal KN adalah 465.22,
809.77 dan 84.34 J K-1 mol-1 dan tenaga pengaktifan bebas (ΔG *) ketoprofen tulen, kokristal KMA dan kokristal KN yang diperoleh oleh persamaan termodinamik am masing-masing adalah 89.53, 90.87 dan 84.62 kJ
mol-1. Hasil uji kaji parameter termodinamik menunjukkan kokristal yang terbentuk mempunyai nilaiΔS * yang positif, menunjukkan pembentukan kokristal tersebut adalah melalui proses yang tidak spontan. Selain itu, kokristal KMA juga mempunyai tenaga pengaktifan bebas (ΔG*)
yang lebih besar daripada kokristal KN yang menunjukkan pembentukan kisi kristal kokristal KMA menggunakan tenaga pengikatan yang lebih besar daripada kokristal KN.
Kata kunci: Kaedah Kissinger; ketoprofen; kokristal; sifat terma
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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: yudi.farmasi@unej.ac.id
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