 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
Sains Malaysiana
49(1)(2020): 121-128 http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2020-4901-14
Stress and Food Intake among University
Students - Is There a Relationship? (Stres dan Pengambilan Makanan dalam Kalangan Pelajar Universiti - Apakah Perkaitannya?)
SHI-HUI CHENG* & MUHAMMAD KHAIR MOHD KAMIL
School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham Malaysia,
Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor
Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
Diserahkan: 20 September 2019/Diterima: 11 Oktober 2019
ABSTRACT
There is a growing
interest in the effects of stress on food consumption. Studies suggest that
stress could either increases or decreases food consumption among university
students. As the prevalence of stress is evident among university students in
various countries, this study aims to investigate the relationship of stress on
dietary consumption among undergraduate students of a private university. A
cross-sectional study was carried out and a total of 100 participants aged
between 18-25 years and non-smokers were recruited. Anthropometric data was
measured and participants were asked to answer a questionnaire which accessed
their sociodemographic background, stress level, frequency of food intake and
3-day dietary intake. The data collected were then analysed using SPSS software. This study found that males consumed cooked vegetables
less frequently than females (male= 2.38±1.48; female= 3.68±1.31, p<0.001)
while consumed soft drinks more frequently than females (male= 1.90±1.31;
female= 1.28 ±1.24, p<0.05). In addition, stressed group consume
significantly lower energy, fat (including saturated fat, monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids) and calcium than
non-stressed group (p<0.05). In conclusion, the prevalence of stress among
university students in this study was 40%. Students eat lesser when they are in
stress and this could negatively impact their health. Therefore, stress management
interventions need to be implemented to help the university students to manage
their stress and this could help to promote healthy eating behaviour among university students.
Keywords: Dietary
intake; eating behavior; food consumption; stress; university students
Abstrak
Pada
masa kini, minat
untuk mendalami kesan tekanan ke
atas pemakanan
seseorang individu semakin meluas. Beberapa kajian mendapati bahawa tekanan akan meningkatkan
atau mengurangkan
pola pemakanan seseorang. Oleh kerana prevalens tekanan semakin meningkat dalam kalangan pelajar universiti di pelbagai negara, maka kajian
ini bertujuan
untuk mengkaji hubungan tekanan terhadap pola pemakanan
dalam kalangan
pelajar di sebuah universiti swasta. Kajian keratan lintang telah dijalankan
dan seramai
100 peserta yang berumur antara 18-25 tahun dan bukan perokok
menyertai kajian
ini. Data antropometri diukur dan para peserta diminta menjawab soal selidik
yang mengumpulkan data mengenai
latar belakang
mereka, kadar tekanan
yang dialami, kekerapan
pengambilan makanan dan rekod pengambilan
makanan selama
3 hari. Data yang dikumpul kemudian dianalisis manggunakan perisian SPSS. Kajian ini mendapati
bahawa wanita
lebih kerap memakan
sayur-sayuran berbanding
dengan lelaki (lelaki= 2.38±1.48; wanita=
3.68±1.31, p<0.001) dan lelaki
lebih kerap meminum
minuman ringan
berbanding dengan wanita (lelaki= 1.90±1.31;
wanita= 1.28 ±1.24, p<0.05). Di samping
itu, pengambilan
makanan daripada segi tenaga, lemak
dan kalsium
bagi kumpulan yang tertekan lebih rendah berbanding kumpulan yang tidak tertekan (p<0.05). Secara
kesimpulannya, prevalens tekanan dalam kalangan
pelajar universiti
dalam kajian ini
adalah 40%. Pengambilan
makanan dalam kalangan
pelajar yang tertekan
berkurangan dan ini memberi kesan
buruk kepada
kesihatan mereka. Oleh itu, intervensi
pengurusan tekanan
perlu dilaksanakan untuk membantu pelajar universiti menguruskan tekanan mereka dan ini
dapat membantu
meningkatan pola pemakanan yang sihat dalam kalangan pelajar universiti.
Kata kunci: Corak pemakanan; pelajar universiti; pengambilan makanan; pola pemakanan; tekanan
RUJUKAN
Barker,
M.E., Blain, R.J. & Russell, J.M. 2015. The influence of academic
examinations on energy and nutrient intake in male university students. Nutrition
Journal 14: 98.
Bayram, N. & Bilgel,
N. 2008. The prevalence and socio-demographic correlations of depression,
anxiety and stress among a group of university students. Social Psychiatry
and Psychiatric Epidemiology 43: 667-672.
Benas, J.S., Uhrlass,
D.J. & Gibb, B.E. 2010. Body dissatisfaction and weight-related teasing: A
model of cognitive vulnerability to depression among women. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry 41: 352-356.
Cartwright, M., Wardle,
J., Streggles, N., Simon, A.E., Croker, H. & Jarvis,
M.J. 2003. Stress and dietary practices in adolescents. Health Psychology 22: 362.
Cohen, S., Kamarck,
T. & Mermelstein, R. 1983. A global measure of
perceived stress. Journal of Health and
Social Behavior24: 385-396.
Currie,
P.J. 2003. Integration of hypothalamic feeding and metabolic signals: Focus on
neuropeptide Y. Appetite 41: 335-337.
Emond, M., Ten Eycke,
K., Kosmerly, S., Robinson, A.L., Stillar,
A. & Van Blyderveen, S. 2016. The effect of
academic stress and attachment stress on stress-eaters and stress-undereaters. Appetite 100: 210-215.
Gan, W.Y., Mohd Nasir, M.T., Zalilah, M.S. & Hazizi,
A.S. 2011. Direct and indirect effects of sociocultural influences on
disordered eating among Malaysian male and female university students. A
mediation analysis of psychological distress. Appetite 56: 778-783.
Ganasegeran, K., Al-Dubail, S., Qureshi, A.M.,
Al-Abed, A.A., Rizal, A.M. & Aljunid,
S.M. 2012. Social and
psychological factors affecting eating habits among university students in a
Malaysian medical school: A cross-sectional study. Nutrition Journal 11: 48.
Hallam,
J., Boswell, R.G., DeVito, E.E. & Kober, H. 2016.
Gender-related differences in food craving and obesity. The Yale
Journal of Biology and Medicine 89(2):
161-173.
Jeong, J.Y., Lee, D.H. &
Kang, S.S. 2013. Effects of chronic restraint stress on body weight, food
intake, and hypothalamic gene expressions in mice. Endocrinology and
Metabolism 28: 288-296.
Oliver, G. & Wardle,
J. 1999. Perceived effects of stress on food choice. Physiology and Behavior 66: 511-515.
Oliver, G., Wardle, J.
& Gibson, E.L. 2000. Stress and food choice: A laboratory study. Psychosomatic
Medicine 62: 853-865.
Papier,
K., Ahmed, F., Lee, P. & Wiseman, J. 2015. Stress and dietary behaviour
among first-year university students in Australia: Sex differences. Nutrition 31: 324-330.
Pariante,
C.M. & Lightman, S.L. 2008. The HPA axis in major
depression: Classical theories and new developments. Trends in Neurosciences 31: 464-468.
Rehm, C.D., Matte, T.D., Van Wye,
G., Young, C. & Frieden, T.R. 2008. Demographic
and behavioral factors associated with daily
sugar-sweetened soda consumption in New York City adults. Journal of Urban
Health 85: 375-385.
Saat, N.Z.M., Chew, C.L., Divya, V., Intan Hafizah, I., Lee, P.L., Mohd Ramadan, A.H., Ooi, H.Y., Seah,
J.L. & Yap, W.J. 2014. Relationship of stress on the eating behaviors of
science undergraduates in Kuala Lumpur. Research
Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology 7(8): 1668-1676.
Sharma,
B., Harker, M., Harker, D. & Reinhard, K. 2010.
Youth transition to university in Germany and Australia: An empirical
investigation of healthy eating behaviour. Journal of Youth Studies 13: 353-367.
Sominsky, L. &
Spencer, S.J. 2014. Eating behavior and stress: A
pathway to obesity. Frontiers in Psychology 5: 434.
Stone, A.A. &
Brownell, K. 1994. The stress-eating paradox: Multiple daily measurements in
adult males and females. Psychology and Health 9: 425-436.
Thomas,
J., Khan, S. & Abdulrahman, A.A. 2010. Eating
attitudes and body image concerns among female university students in the
United Arab Emirates. Appetite 54: 595-598.
Wallis,
D.J. & Hetherington, M.M. 2004. Stress and eating: The effects of
ego-threat and cognitive demand on food intake in restrained and emotional
eaters. Appetite 43(1): 39-46.
Wardle, J., Haase, A.M.,
Steptoe, A., Nillapun, M., Jonwutiewes,
K. & Bellisle, F. 2004. Gender differences in
food choice: The contribution of health beliefs and dieting. Annals of Behavioral Medicine 27: 107-116.
Wardle,
J., Steptoe, A., Oliver, G. & Lipsey, Z. 2000.
Stress, dietary restraint and food intake. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 48(2):
195-202.
Wong, J.G., Cheung, E., Chan, K.C. & Tang, S.W.
2006. Web-based survey of depression, anxiety and stress in first-tertiary
tertiary education students in Hong Kong. The
Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 40(9): 777-782.
Yau, Y.H. & Potenza, M.N.
2013. Stress and eating behaviors. Minerva Endocrinologica 38(3): 255-267.
Zellner, D.A.,
Saito, S. & Gonzalez, J. 2007. The effect of stress on men's food
selection. Appetite 49: 696-699.
Zellner, D.A., Loaiza, S., Gonzalez, Z., Pita, J., Morales, J., Pecora, D. & Wolf, A. 2006. Food selection changes
under stress. Physiology and Behavior 87: 789-793.
*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: shihui.cheng@nottingham.edu.my
|
|||
|
