Sains Malaysiana 49(1)(2020): 43-48

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2020-4901-05

Essential Oil Constituents of Alpinia scabra and Alpinia murdochii, Two Wild Highland Species from Peninsular Malaysia and Their Anti-Microbial Activity

(Komposisi Minyak Pati Alpinia scabra dan Alpinia murdochii, Dua Spesies Liar dari Semenanjung Malaysia dan Aktiviti Anti-Mikrobnya)

DEVI ROSMY SYAMSIR¹, NORSITA TOHAR¹, HALIJAH IBRAHIM², NOR AZAH MOHAMAD ALI³, MASTURA MOKHTAR³, YASODHA SIVASOTHY⁴ & KHALIJAH AWANG¹*

¹Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 KualaLumpur Federal Territory, Malaysia

²Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia

³Medicinal Plants Programme, Forest Biotechnology Division, Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), 52109 Kepong, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

⁴Research Center for Crystalline Materials, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sunway University, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

Diserahkan: 6 Ogos 2019/Diterima: 8 Oktober 2019

ABSTRACT

This study investigates the chemical constituents of essential oils and their anti-microbial activity of Alpinia scabra and Alpinia murdochii, two wild Zingiberaceae species. The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation and the chemical components of the oils were determined by GC-FID (retention indices, RI) and GC/MS analysis. The major components of Alpinia scabra rhizome oil are γ-selinene (33.45%), a-selinene (3.64%) and a-terpineol (3.55 %) while the major components of the leaves are β-pinene (63.37%), a-pinene (6.58 %) and borneol (3.20 %). The major compounds of Alpinia murdochii rhizome oil are γ-selinene (15.51 %), (E,E)-farnesyl acetate (6.56 %), terpinen 4-ol (5.58 %) and a-terpineol (5.04 %). The monoterpenes; β-pinene (23.83 %), sabinene (23.76 %) and terpinene-4-ol (10.49 %) were the major components in the leaf oil of A. murdochii. The lowest MIC values were recorded for the rhizome essential oils of both Alpinia species against all Staphylococcus aureus strains (coded as MSSA, MRSA, Sa7, VISA24, VRSA156) with MIC values ranging from 0.04 mg/mL to 2.50 mg/mL. The rhizome oils of both species also showed a broad spectrum of anti-microbial activity as compared to the leaf oils.

Keywords: Anti-microbial agent; hydrodistillation; lengkuas; γ-selinene

ABSTRAK

Penyelidikan ini mengkaji kandungan kimia minyak pati dan aktiviti anti-mikrob Alpinia sabra dan Alpinia murdochii, dua spesies liar daripada keluarga Zingiberaceae. Minyak pati yang diperoleh melalui penyulingan hidro dan komponen kimia kedua-dua minyak pati tersebut ditentukan menggunakan analisis kromatografi gas (GC-FID) (indeks pengekalan, RI) dan kromatografi gas/spektrometri jisim. Komponen utama dalam minyak pati rizom A. scabra adalah γ-selinen (33.45%), a-selinene (3.64%) dan a-terpineol (3.55%) sementara komponen dalam minyak pati daun A. scabra adalah β-pinene (63.37%), a-pinene (6.58%) dan borneol (3.20%). Komponen kimia di dalam minyak pati rizom A. murdochii pula adalah γ-selinen (15.51%), (E,E)-farnesyl acetate (6.56%), terpinen 4-ol (5.58%) dan a-terpineol (5.04%). Monoterpene, β-pinene (23.83%), sabinene (23.76%) dan terpinene-4-ol (10.49%) merupakan kandungan utama dalam minyak pati daun A. murdochii. Bacaan nilai MIC terendah dicatatkan oleh minyak pati rizom kedua-dua spesies Alpinia terhadap semua strain Staphylococcus aureus (dikodkan sebagai MSSA, MRSA, Sa7, VISA24, VRSA156) dengan nilai MIC antara 0.04 mg/mL ke 2.50 mg/mL. Minyak pati rizom kedua-dua spesies juga menunjukkan spektrum anti-mikrob yang luas berbanding minyak pati daun.

Kata kunci: Agen anti-mikrob; lengkuas; penyulingan hidro; γ-selinen

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: khalijah@um.edu.my