Sains Malaysiana 49(2)(2020): 389-397

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2020-4902-17

Ameliorative Effect of Etlingera calophrys (K.Schum.) Rhizome Ethanolic Extract on High Fat Diet-Induced Obese Zebrafish

(Kesan Memperbaikkan Ekstrak Etanol Rizom Etlingera calophrys (K.Schum.) pada Diet Teraruh Tinggi Lemak Ikan Belang Obes)

LOLY SUBHIATY IDRUS¹, FAJAR FAKRI¹, RIKA HARTATI², VIENNA SARASWATY³ & I KETUT ADNYANA¹*

¹Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Institute of Technology Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia

²Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, School of Pharmacy, Institute of Technology Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia

³Research Unit for Clean Technology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Bandung, Indonesia

Diserahkan: 19 Ogos 2019/Diterima: 30 Oktober 2019

Abstract

Obesity is a major factor associated with inflammatory and various metabolic syndromes. Etlingera caloprhys, an Indonesia plant native from Southeast Sulawesi, is traditionally used years as daily food ingredient by local communities. The present paper presents an in vitro and in vivo study related to the anti-obesity effects of Etlingera caloprhys ethanol extract (ECEE). An experiment was conducted to evaluate in vitro pancreatic lipase enzyme (PLE) inhibition and in vivo anti-obesity activity in high fat diet (HFD) induced obese zebrafish fed with 10% w/w and 20% w/w ECEE-HFD were evaluated. To confirm anti-obesity activity, a set of obesity and biochemistry parameters i.e. body weight, body mass index (BMI), triglyceride and blood glucose levels, were monitored. Additionally, gene expression levels related to obesity i.e. adiponectin and PPARγ in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) were also evaluated. The results showed that ECEE significantly (p <0.05) inhibited PLE activity with an inhibition concentration (IC)₅₀ of below 100 µg/mL. The HFD induced obese zebrafish fed with 10% w/w and 20% w/w ECEE-HFD showed decreasing body weight and BMI. The biochemistry parameters of the HFD-induced obese zebrafish fed with 10% w/w ECEE-HFD obviously displayed optimum reduction of triglycerides and blood glucose levels. More importantly, the gene expression confirmed that ECEE suppressed adipogenesis in VAT. Hence, ECEE is suggested as a potent alternative medicine for prevention of metabolic syndromes related to obesity.

Keywords: Anti-obesity; Etlingera calophrys; pancreatic lipase; zebrafish

Abstrak

Keobesan adalah faktor utama yang dikaitkan dengan radang dan pelbagai sindrom metabolisme. Etlingera calophrys, tumbuhan asli Indonesia dari Sulawesi Tenggara, secara tradisinya digunakan selama bertahun-tahun sebagai bahan makanan harian oleh masyarakat tempatan. Kertas ini membentangkan kajian secara in vitro dan in vivo yang berkaitan dengan kesan anti-keobesan daripada ekstrak etanol Etlingera calophrys (ECEE). Satu uji kaji telah dijalankan untuk menilai perencatan enzim lipase pankreas (PLE) dan aktiviti anti-keobesan secara in vivo dalam diet teraruh lemak tinggi (HFD) daripada ikan zebra obes yang diberi makan 10% w/w dan 20% w/w ECEE -HFD telah dinilai. Untuk mengesahkan aktiviti anti-keobesan, satu set keobesan dan parameter biokimia iaitu berat badan, indeks jisim badan (BMI), trigliserida dan paras glukosa darah telah dipantau. Selain itu, tahap ekspresi gen yang berkaitan dengan keobesan iaitu adiponektin dan PPARγ dalam tisu adipos visera (VAT) juga dinilai. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa ECEE dengan ketara (p < 0.05) merencat aktiviti PLE dengan kepekatan perencatan (IC)₅₀ di bawah 100 μg/mL. HFD teraruh ikan zebra obes diberi makan 10% w/w dan 20% w/w ECEE-HFD menunjukkan penurunan berat badan dan BMI. Parameter biokimia daripada HFD teraruh ikan zebra obes yang diberi makan 10% w/w ECEE-HFD jelas menunjukkan pengurangan optimum trigliserida dan paras glukosa darah. Lebih penting lagi, pengekspresan gen mengesahkan bahawa ECEE menghalang adipogenesis dalam VAT. Oleh itu, ECEE dicadangkan sebagai ubat alternatif yang mujarab untuk mencegah sindrom metabolik yang berkaitan dengan keobesan.

Kata kunci: Anti-keobesan; Etlingera calophrys; ikan zebra; lipase pancreas

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: ketut@fa.itb.ac.id