Sains Malaysiana 49(4)(2020): 847-858

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2020-4904-14

Magnetite Nanoparticles (MNPs) Used as Cadmium Metal Removal from the Aqueous Solution from Mill Scales Waste Sources

(Penggunaan Nanozarah Magnetit (MNPs) sebagai Penyingkiran Logam Kadmium daripada Larutan Akua daripada Sumber Sisa Sisik Besi)

NUR ASYIKIN AHMAD NAZRI^1,3, RABA'AH SYAHIDAH AZIS^1,2*, MUHAMMAD SYAZWAN MUSTAFFA², ABDUL HALIM SHAARI², ISMAYADI ISMAIL¹, HASFALINA CHE MAN⁴, NORLAILY MOHD SAIDEN^1,2 & NOR HAPISHAH ABDULLAH⁵

¹Material Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory (MSCL), Institute of Advanced Technology (ITMA), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

²Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

³Center of Foundation Studies, Cawangan Selangor, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

⁴Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

⁵Functional Device Laboratory (FDL), Institute of Advanced Technology (ITMA), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

Diserahkan: 23 Julai 2019/Diterima: 5 Januari 2020

ABSTRACT

This research carrying out in producing a high percentage of magnetite nanoparticle (MNP) from the waste of industrial mill scales for Cadmium ions removal. The extraction of the magnetite from mill scales waste involved two steps separation technique process known as the Magnetic Separation Technique (MST) followed by Curie Temperature Separation Technique (CTST). The extraction samples were milled using the high energy ball mill (HEBM) at various milling time of 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 h. The formation of nanosized single-phase hexagonal spinel has been observed as early in 4 h milling time by using XRD analysis. Prolonged the milling time had derived different characteristics of the MNP. The samples then used as an adsorbent in cadmium removal of the aqueous solution. The highest adsorption capacity, q_e was contributed by MNP with an 8 h milling time. This is due to the surface area and the porosity of the samples based on BET reports and HR TEM images. Newly extracted MNP from waste mill scales is cost effective and eco-friendly process that potential in wastewater treatment.

Keywords: Adsorbent; adsorption; Cadmium (Cd); heavy metals; magnetite (Fe₃O₄) nanoparticles;  waste mill scale; wastewater treatment

ABSTRAK

Penyelidikan ini dijalankan dalam usaha menghasilkan peratusan nanozarah magnetit (MNP) yang tinggi daripada sumber sisa sisik besi untuk penyingkiran ion Kadmium. Pengekstrakan magnetit daripada sisa sisik besi melibatkan proses teknik pemisahan dua langkah yang dikenali sebagai Teknik Pemisahan Magnetik (MST) diikuti oleh Teknik Pemisahan Suhu Curie (CTST). Sampel pengekstrakan dikisar menggunakan pengisar bola tenaga tinggi (HEBM) pada pelbagai waktu pengisaran 4, 8, 12, 16 dan 20 jam. Pembentukan spinel heksagon fasa tunggal saiz nano telah diperhatikan seawal masa pengisaran 4 jam dengan menggunakan analisis XRD. Masa pengisaran yang berpanjangan telah menghasilkan ciri MNP yang berbeza. Sampel kemudian digunakan sebagai penyerap dalam penyingkiran kadmium dalam larutan akua. Kapasiti penjerapan tertinggi, q_e disumbangkan oleh MNP dengan masa pengisaran 8 jam. Ini disebabkan oleh luas permukaan dan keliangan sampel berdasarkan laporan BET dan imej HR TEM. MNP yang baru diekstrak daripada sisa sisik besi adalah proses yang menjimatkan dan mesra alam yang berpotensi dalam rawatan air sisa.

Kata kunci: Kadmium (Cd); logam berat; nanozarah magnetit (Fe₃O₄); penjerap; penjerapan; sisa sisik besi; rawatan air sisa

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: rabaah@upm.edu.my