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Sains Malaysiana 49(7)(2020): 1533-1542
http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2020-4907-06
Effects of Humic Acids from
Different Sources on Sodium and Micronutrient Levels in Corn Plants
(Kesan Asid Humik daripada
Punca yang Berbeza ke atas Natrium dan Paras Mikronutrien dalam Tumbuhan
Jagung)
AYHAN
HORUZ*
Agriculture Faculty,
Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Ondokuzmayıs University,
Samsun, 55139, Turkey
Diserahkan: 10 Mei 2019/Diterima:
4 Mac 2020
ABSTRACT
The
use of activated humic acids (HAs) in agricultural applications is a relatively
recent development. Corn (Zea mays L.) is
a major food and silage crop in Turkey and yields are reduced in calcareous soils by
sodium (Na) toxicity and carbonate
(CO3) induced deficiencies of some micronutrients. In this
study, the effects of two HAs extracted using the wet-alkali technique and
activated with nitrogen (N2) and oxygen (O2) gases, on the Na and micronutrient (iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn),
copper (Cu) and boron (B)) concentrations in the homogenised stems and leaves
of corn plants were investigated. The experiment was conducted with a
completely randomized design with factorial arrangement (2 HA types × 2
fertilisation regimes × 5 HA concentrations), with three repetitions, in a
calcareous soil in pots in a greenhouse. The humic acid was applied at 100,
200, 400, and 800 mg/kg of soil before sowing the corn seed. The variance
analysis showed that increasing HA levels decreased the Na concentration in the
corn plants. The lowest plant Na concentrations were obtained with the addition
of HA activated with N2 and O2 to both the fertilised and
unfertilised treatments. The highest Zn and Cu uptakes, and Fe, Mn, and B
uptakes, were associated with wet alkali extraction and gas activation,
respectively. Overall, HA extracted with N2/O2 was more
effective under unfertilised conditions and wet extracted HA was more effective
under fertilised conditions.
Keywords: Corn; humic acids; microelements; sodium
ABSTRAK
Penggunaan asid humik diaktifkan (HAs) dalam aplikasi
pertanian merupakan pembangunan terbaharu. Jagung (Zea mays L.)
ialah makanan utama dan tanaman silaj di Turki dan penghasilannya telah
berkurang dalam media tanah berkapur disebabkan oleh ketoksikan natrium (Na)
dan karbonat (CO3) dengan kekurangan mikronutrien di dalam media tanah teraruh. Dalam kajian ini, kesan
penggunaan dua HA yang diekstraks menggunakan teknik basah-alkali dan diaktif
dengan gas N2 dan O2 telah dikaji ke atas kepekatan Na
dan mikronutrien (besi (Fe), mangan (Mn), zink (Zn), tembaga (Cu) dan boron
(B)) dalam batang dan daun tumbuhan jagung terhomogen. Reka bentuk uji
kaji ini dijalankan sepenuhnya secara rawak dengan susunan faktorial (2 jenis HA × 2 regim persenyawaan × 5 kepekatan HA), dengan
tiga ulangan, di dalam tanah berkapur di dalam pasu di rumah hijau. Asid humik
diaplikasikan pada 100, 200, 400 dan 800 mg/kg tanah sebelum penyemaian benih
jagung. Analisis varians menunjukkan bahawa peningkatan tahap HA akan menurunkan
kepekatan Na dalam tanaman jagung. Kepekatan Na yang terendah di dalam tanaman
telah diperoleh dengan penambahan HA yang diaktifkan dengan N2 dan O2 untuk kedua-dua rawatan yang telah disenyawakan dan tidak disenyawakan.
Pengambilan tertinggi Zn dan Cu, serta pengambilan Fe, Mn dan B, masing-masing
dikaitkan dengan pengekstrakan alkali basah dan pengaktifan gas. Secara
keseluruhannya, HA yang diekstrak dengan N2/O2 lebih
berkesan di bawah keadaan yang tidak tersenyawa dan HA yang diekstrak secara
basah adalah lebih berkesan di bawah keadaan yang tersenyawa.
Kata
kunci: Asid humik; jagung; mikrounsur;
natrium
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*Pengarang untuk
surat-menyurat; email: ayhanh@omu.edu.tr
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