Sains Malaysiana 50(3)(2021): 617-628

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2021-5003-05

Performance of Some Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Cultivars under Water Shortage and High Temperature Stress

(Prestasi Beberapa Kultivar Padi (Oryza sativa L.) akibat Kekurangan Air dan Tekanan Suhu Tinggi)

MOHAMED, A.A.E. ¹, SAJID FIAZ²*, XIUKANG WANG³, MOHSIN ALI⁴, NOSHI PARVEEN⁵, MAHMOOD M. GABALLAH⁶, SARDAR ALI², ABDALLAH A. ABDALLAH⁷ & SALWA I. AHMED⁷

¹Agronomy Department Agricultural Faculty, Kafer El-Sheikh University, Egypt

²Department of Plant breeding and Genetics, The University of Haripur 22620, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

³College of Life Sciences, Yan’an University, Yan’an 716000, Shaanxi, China

⁴Department of Forestry and Range Management, Sub-Campus Depalpur, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan

⁵Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, The University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan

⁶Rice Research and Training Center (RRTC), Rice Research Department, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, 33717, Sakha, Kafr Elsheikh, Egypt

⁷Rice Research and Training Center, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Kafer El-Sheikh, Egypt

Diserahkan: 24 Disember 2019/Diterima: 30 Ogos 2020

ABSTRACT

Water shortage and heat are the most devastating abiotic stresses threating global food security. To understand the behavior of germplasm under both abiotic stresses, thirteen rice genotypes were selected for the study to make evaluation under water shortage and heat stress condition. The results showed that the year mean squares were significant and highly significant for all agronomical traits except, flag leaf area, number of tillers plant^-1, number of panicles plant^-1, 100 grain weight, grain yield plant^-1 and harvest index indicated overall wide differences of weather during both years. Environments mean squares were found to be highly significant over all traits were used, indicating that all environments showed significant differences. The highly significant differences were observed among genotypes and G x E interaction for all characteristics except, panicle length. Concerning the cultivars performance across three environments, the cultivars Giza 178, Giza 179, Sakha 107, Hybrid 1, Hybrid 2 gave the best desirable values over normal, drought and heat stress conditions so, these cultivars are considered to play vital role in breeding program to enhancement for drought and heat stresses and have high yield potential. The highly significant and positive correlation were found among the all traits under investigation except with flag leaf angle, leaf rolling and sterility percentage. The results will further help to utilize the genotypes for further crop improvement breeding programs.

Keywords: Grain yield; G x E interaction; high temperature stress; rice; water shortage

ABSTRAK

Kekurangan air dan cuaca panas adalah tekanan abiotik yang paling dahsyat yang mengancam keselamatan makanan global. Untuk memahami tingkah laku germplasma di bawah kedua-dua tekanan abiotik ini, tiga belas genotip padi dipilih untuk kajian bagi penilaiannya dalam keadaan kekurangan air dan di bawah tekanan panas. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa purata kuadrat tahunan adalah signifikan dan sangat signifikan untuk semua trait agronomi kecuali, luas daun, jumlah penanaman tanaman^-1, jumlah tanaman panicles^-1, berat 100 butir, tanaman hasil gandum^-1 dan indeks penuaian menunjukkan secara keseluruhannya terdapat perbezaan besar bagi cuaca dua tahun tersebut. Purata kuadrat persekitaran didapati sangat signifikan daripada semua sifat yang digunakan, menunjukkan bahawa semua persekitaran menunjukkan perbezaan yang signifikan. Perbezaan yang sangat ketara diperhatikan antara genotip dan interaksi G x E untuk semua ciri kecuali panjang bulir. Mengenai prestasi kultivar pada tiga persekitaran, kultivar Giza 178, Giza 179, Sakha 107, Hibrid 1, Hibrid 2 memberikan nilai yang paling diingini berbanding keadaan tekanan biasa, kemarau dan tekanan panas, maka kultivar ini dianggap berperanan penting dalam program pembiakan untuk peningkatan ketahanan terhadap tekanan kemarau dan panas serta berpotensi bagi penghasilan yang tinggi. Hubungan yang sangat signifikan dan positif dilihat antara semua sifat yang dikaji kecuali dengan sudut bendera daun, gulungan daun dan peratusan steril. Hasil kajian ini akan membantu dalam penggunaan genotip bagi menambahbaik program pembiakan tanaman.

Kata kunci: Hasil bijirin; interaksi G x E; kekurangan air; nasi; tekanan suhu tinggi

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: sfiaz@uoh.edu.pk