Sains Malaysiana 50(3)(2021): 699-709

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2021-5003-12

Character Interrelationships and Path Analysis for Yield Components in MPOB-Senegal Oil Palm Germplasm

(Salinghubung Ciri dan Analisis Lintasan untuk Komponen Hasil pada Germplasma Kelapa Sawit MPOB-Senegal)

KHIN AYE MYINT¹, MOHD DIN AMIRUDDIN²*, MOHD Y. RAFII⁴, MOHD YUSOFF ABD SAMAD³, SHAIRUL IZAN RAMLEE^1,4, ZULKIFLI YAAKUB² & YUSUFF OLADOSU¹

¹Laboratory of Climate-Smart Food Crop Production, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

²Advanced Biotechnology and Breeding Centre, Malaysian Palm Oil Board 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

³Department of Soil Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

⁴Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

Diserahkan: 5 Februari 2020/Diterima: 18 Ogos 2020

ABSTRACT

Phenotypic associations among yield-related traits and the pattern of influence in crops are useful in evaluating, planning and selection criteria for the desirable traits. This research aimed to evaluate linear correlations and estimate the direct and indirect effects among morphological traits on oil yield of MPOB-Senegal germplasm. Data were collected annually for successive eight years (2000 to 2007) and was estimated for the phenotypic correlations, and decomposition into direct and indirect effects using path coefficient analysis. The result of the correlation and path coefficient analysis showed significant highly positive relations between some yield components and oil yield. Oil to wet mesocarp (OTWM) and bunch number (BNO) had high positive direct effect on oil yield while fresh fruit bunch (FFB), oil to fiber (OTF), fruit to bunch (FTB), and average bunch weight (ABWT) showed indirect effect on oil yield. In improvement of palm oil yield, traits that show high direct and/or indirect effect on oil yield should be considered.  Hence, FFB, OTF, FTB, OTWM, and ABWT have maximum direct and indirect effect can be used effectively for the improvement of the palm oil yield of the MPOB-Senegal oil palm germplasm.

Keywords: Oil palm germplasm; oil palm yield; path coefficient analysis; phenotypic correlation

ABSTRAK

Hubungan fenotip antara trait yang berkaitan dengan hasil dan pola pengaruh terhadap tanaman adalah berguna dalam menilai, merancang dan memilih kriteria untuk trait yang diingini. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menilai korelasi linear dan menganggarkan kesan langsung dan tidak langsung trait morfologi ke atas hasil minyak sawit germplasma MPOB-Senegal. Data tahunan dikumpulkan selama lapan tahun berturut-turut (2000 hingga 2007) dan dianggarkan untuk korelasi fenotip, serta penghuraian kepada kesan langsung dan tidak langsung menggunakan analisis pekali lintasan. Hasil daripada korelasi dan analisis pekali lintasan menunjukkan terdapat hubungan positif yang ketara antara sebahagian komponen hasil dengan hasil minyak. Minyak ke mesokarpa basah (OTWM) dan bilangan tandan (BNO) mempunyai kesan langsung yang positif  terhadap hasil minyak, manakala buah tandan segar (FFB), minyak ke serat (OTF), buah ke tandan (FTB) dan purata berat tandan (ABWT) memberikan kesan tidak langsung terhadap hasil minyak. Dalam penambahbaikan hasil minyak sawit, trait yang mempunyai kesan langsung dan/atau tidak langsung yang ketara terhadap hasil minyak perlulah dipertimbangkan. Oleh yang demikian, trait FFB, OTF, FTB, OTWM dan ABWT yang mempunyai kesan langsung dan tidak langsung dapat digunakan dengan berkesan bagi penambahbaikan hasil minyak sawit germplasma MPOB-Senegal.

Kata kunci: Analisis pekali lintasan; germplasma kelapa sawit; hasil minyak kelapa sawit; korelasi fenotip

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: mohddin@mpob.gov.my