Sains Malaysiana 50(8)(2021): 2179-2191

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2021-5008-04

Leveraging on Multidisciplinary Expertise for Landslide Disaster Risk Reduction and Management: A Case Study of a Limestone Hill Rockfall Hazard Assessment, Batu Caves, Selangor, Malaysia

(Memanfaatkan Kepakaran Berbilang Disiplin untuk Pengurangan dan Pengurusan Risiko Bencana Tanah Runtuh: Suatu Kajian Kes Penilaian Bahaya Runtuhan Batu Bukit Batu Kapur, Batu Caves, Selangor, Malaysia)

ZAINAB MOHAMED¹, ABD GHANI RAFEK², MINGWEI ZHANG³, YANLONG CHEN³, GOH THIAN LAI^3,4*, KHAMARRUL AZAHARI⁵ & ZAKARIA MOHAMAD⁶

¹Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

²Engineering Geology Advisory, 11, SS21/12, Damansara Utama, 47400 Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

³State key Laboratory for Geomechanics & Deep Underground Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, People’s Republic of China

⁴Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

⁵UTM Razak School of Engineering and Advanced Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

Jalan Semarak, 54100 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia

⁶Geomapping Technology Sdn Bhd., Bangi Business Park, 43650 Bandar Baru Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

Diserahkan: 4 Jun 2020/Diterima: 29 Disember 2020

ABSTRACT

The United Nations Development Program agenda 2030 has charted out seventeen Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) whereby Malaysia as a member has strategically set the platform for growth. From the seventeen agendas, the SDG 9 (built resilient, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation) and SDG 11 (make cities and human settlements inclusive, resilient, and sustainable) requires a paradigm shift from conventional engineering approach for environmentally induced disasters. Leveraging multidisciplinary ability and information and communications technology (ICT) in the landslide disaster studies had enabled regional-scale information acquirement for hazards identification, exposure, and risk assessment to meet the goals. The investigated limestone hill, Batu Caves is located within the suburban city of Kuala Lumpur. The land use around the hill is extensive and the area is highly populated with encroachment to the toe of the limestone hill. The purpose of the risk study was to assess the limestone hill’s stability and hazards and the exposure that may lead to the vulnerability of the residences and commercial activities at and around the hill. Therefore, an engineering risk assessment study was carried out to determine rock fall hazard potential. The Terrestrial Laser Scanning survey was utilized to obtain the hillside’s cross section. Discontinuity mapping was conducted to identify rock block size and rock slope was analyzed using rock mass classification system to determine rock slope quality. The rockfall analysis was conducted to identify rock rollout distance and produce rock fall hazard maps. The Slope Mass Rating for the slope BC1A, Parcel 1, Batu Caves was determined as 61, and is classified as a partially stable. The maximum rollout distance at this slope was 11 m. This illustrates the practical output of this study that can be applied for mitigation and future development of the area.

Keywords: Disaster management; hazard assessment; rockfall

ABSTRAK

Agenda Program Pembangunan Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu 2030 telah memetakan tujuh belas Matlamat Pembangunan Lestari (SDG) dengan Malaysia sebagai ahli telah menetapkan pentas untuk pertumbuhan secara strategik. Daripada tujuh belas agenda, SDG 9 (membina daya tahanan, mempromosikan perindustrian inklusif dan lestari dan memupuk inovasi) dan SDG 11 (menjadikan bandar dan penempatan manusia inklusif, berdaya tahan dan lestari) memerlukan peralihan paradigma dalam pendekatan kejuruteraan konvensional untuk bencana yang disebabkan oleh alam sekitar. Untuk mencapai tujuan ini, keupayaan berbilang disiplin dan teknologi maklumat dan komunikasi (ICT) dalam kajian bencana tanah runtuh telah digunakan dalam pengumpulan maklumat skala serantau untuk pengenalpastian bahaya, pendedahan dan penilaian risiko. Bukit batu kapur yang dikaji, Batu Caves adalah terletak di pinggir bandar Kuala Lumpur. Penggunaan tanah di sekitar bukit batu kapur adalah meluas dan kawasan kaki bukit batu kapur diduduki dengan padat. Tujuan kajian risiko adalah untuk menilai kestabilan dan bahaya bukit batu kapur dan pendedahan keterancaman kepada kediaman dan kegiatan komersial di sekitar kawasan bukit. Oleh itu, satu kajian penilaian risiko kejuruteraan dilakukan untuk menentukan potensi bahaya jatuhan batuan. Survei Terestrial Imbasan Laser dijalankan untuk mendapatkan keratan rentas cerun bukit. Survei ketakselanjaran dilakukan untuk mengenal pasti saiz blok batuan dan cerun batuan dianalisis dengan menggunakan sistem pengelasan jasad batuan untuk menentukan kualiti cerun batuan. Analisis jatuhan batuan dilakukan untuk mengenal pasti jarak gulingan batuan dan menghasilkan peta bahaya jatuhan batuan. Perkadaran Jasad Cerun untuk cerun BC1A, Parcel 1, Batu Caves telah ditentukan sebagai 61 dan dikelaskan sebagai separuh stabil. Jarak maksima gulingan di cerun ini ialah 11 m. Ini menunjukkan bahawa hasil praktikal kajian ini dapat digunapakai untuk mitigasi dan pembangunan kawasan pada masa hadapan.

Kata kunci: Jatuhan batu; pengurusan bencana; penilaian bahaya

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