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Sains Malaysiana 50(8)(2021): 2207-2218
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2021-5008-06
Effects
of Different Drying Methods and Solvents on Biological Activities of Curcuma aeruginosa Leaves Extract
(Kesan Kaedah Pengeringan dan Pelarut Berbeza pada Aktiviti Biologi Ekstrak Daun Curcuma
aeruginosa)
1Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Science and
Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
2Innovation Centre for Confectionery Technology
(MANIS), Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi,
Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
3Department of Nutrition, Faculty of
Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra
Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
Diserahkan: 3 Mac 2020/Diterima: 29 Disember 2020
ABSTRACT
Curcuma
aeruginosa Roxb. is one of the plants from the Zingiberaceae family which the
rhizome has been used for medicinal purposes. However, the biological
properties of the leaves have not been fully explored. Therefore, this study
was conducted to evaluate the effects of different drying methods and solvents
on total phenolic content, antioxidant and anti-hyperglycemic activities of C. aeruginosa leaf extract. Samples
were dried by oven drying (OD) and freeze drying (FD), and then extracted using
different ratios of ethanol:water (100:0, 50:50 and
0:100). The amount of phenolic content (TPC) was determined using a
spectrophotometer. Antioxidant activity was tested using the Free Radical
Scavenging (DPPH) test and the Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power assay (FRAP),
while the anti-hyperglycemic test was evaluated by determining the percentage
of α-glucosidase inhibition. The results showed
that FD at 100:0 and 50:50 concentrations had the highest phenolic content (30.88 and 33.06 mg GAE/g extract,
respectively) and highest antioxidant activity value (38.24 and 42.46 mg TEAC/g extract, respectively). For DPPH, FD at
50:50 showed the highest inhibition of 71.48% compared to other extracts.
Whereas FD at 100:0, 50:50 and 0:100 showed the highest α-glucosidase inhibition
of 25.65, 30.78 and 27.65%,
respectively. However, compared to
Quercetin, the extract showed mild anti-hyperglycemic activity. The results
indicated that FD is the best method of drying while 50:50 showed as the best
solvents. Positive correlation between TPC with antioxidant and
anti-hyperglycemic activities showed that C.
aeruginosa leaf has potential as a
source of natural antioxidant with the presence of phenolic compounds.
Keywords: Anti-hyperglycemic; antioxidant;
freeze drying; oven drying; phenolic
ABSTRAK
Curcuma
aeruginosa Roxb. merupakan tumbuhan daripada famili Zingiberaceae yang mana rizomnya telah digunakan secara tradisi untuk tujuan perubatan. Namun
begitu, aktiviti biologi daripada bahagian daun masih belum diterokai secara
meluas. Oleh itu, penyelidikan ini dijalankan untuk mengkaji kesan kaedah
pengeringan dan penggunaan nisbah pelarut yang berbeza terhadap jumlah
kandungan fenol, aktiviti antioksidan dan anti-hiperglisemik ekstrak daun C.
aeruginosa. Pengeringan ketuhar (PK) dan pengeringan sejuk beku (PB) telah
digunakan untuk mengeringkan daun dan kemudiannya diekstrak menggunakan
etanol:air dengan nisbah berbeza (100:0, 50:50 dan 0:100). Spektrofotometer
telah digunakan untuk menentukan jumlah kandungan fenol (TPC) pada ekstrak.
Aktiviti antioksidan pula telah diuji dengan menggunakan ujian Pemerangkapan
Radikal Bebas (DPPH) dan ujian Penurunan Ferik (FRAP), manakala ujian
anti-hiperglisemik pula dinilai dengan menentukan peratusan perencatan
α-glukosidase. Hasil menunjukkan bahawa PB pada kepekatan 100:0 dan 50:50 mempunyai kandungan fenol
tertinggi (masing-masing 30.88 dan 33.06 mg GAE/g ekstrak) dan nilai aktiviti
antioksidan paling tinggi (masing-masing 38.24 dan 42.46 mg TEAC/g ekstrak).
Bagi DPPH, PB 50:50 menunjukkan peratusan perencatan tertinggi sebanyak 71.48%
apabila dibandingkan dengan ekstrak lain. PB pada 100:0, 50:50 dan 0:100
menunjukkan perencatan α-glukosidase tertinggi masing-masing sebanyak
25.65, 30.78 dan 27.65%. Namun begitu, apabila dibandingkan dengan Kuersetin,
ekstrak menunjukkan aktiviti anti-hiperglisemik yang rendah. Keputusan ini
menunjukkan bahawa PB adalah kaedah pengeringan terbaik manakala pelarut 50:50
merupakan pelarut paling sesuai untuk pengekstrakan daun C. aeruginosa. Korelasi positif antara
TPC dengan aktiviti antioksidan dan anti-hiperglisemik menunjukkan bahawa C. aeruginosa mempunyai
potensi sebagai sumber antioksidan semula jadi dengan kehadiran sebatian fenol.
Kata
kunci: Anti-hiperglisemik; antioksidan; fenol; pengeringan beku; pengeringan
ketuhar
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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: hafeedzarahman@ukm.edu.my
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