Sains Malaysiana 50(8)(2021): 2283-2292

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2021-5008-12

Preliminary Phytochemical Analysis and Biological Evaluation of Four Medicinal Chinese Plant Extracts against Tribolium castaneum

(Analisis Fitokimia Awal dan Penilaian Biologi pada Empat Ekstrak Tumbuhan Ubatan Cina terhadap Tribolium castaneum)

MOKHTAR MOHAMEDALAMIN MOKHTAR^1,2, JIANFENG LI¹, ZHIPING DU¹ & FANGQIN CHENG¹*

¹Institute of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China

²General Plant Protection and Biological Control Directorate, Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Resources and Irrigation, Khartoum State, Khartoum 11111, Sudan

Diserahkan: 28 Jun 2020/Diterima: 10 Disember 2020

ABSTRACT

Application of botanical pesticides is a new trend in pest control nowadays as an environmentally safe alternative measures for synthetic chemicals. Hence, this study was aimed to analyze the phytochemical constituents of four medicinal Chinese plants, namely Lonicera maackii, Platycladus orientalis, Viburnum opulus, and Crataegus pinnatifida, and to investigate the insecticidal potentialities of leaves extracts of these plants against Tribolium castaneum. The research was carried out under laboratory conditions, at the Institute of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Shanxi University, China. Ethyl acetate, methanol and water extracts of the plant leaves were tested at different concentrations (5, 2.5, and 1.25% w/v). Yields of extracting materials, mortality and repellent effects were the important parameters evaluated. The phytochemical screening showed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, tannins, flavonoid, and terpenoids in C. pinnatifida, but the other plants contain some of these compounds. The highest ethyl acetate extract concentration (5%) of V. opulus and C. pinnatifida obtained the best mortality means (5.00±0.41 and 4.75±0.25a, respectively), compared to the other treatments, but without significant differences from the middle concentration (2.5%) of both extracts. In repellency test, L. maackii methanol achieved the highest repellency percentage (91.38%). The findings proved that ethyl acetate extract of V. opulus and C. pinnatifida are the best insecticidal treatment, whereas methanol extract of L. maackii is the best repellent effect, against T. castaneum. These three plants require additional studies to be assessed as a component in pest management of store pests.

Keywords: Chinese plants; methanol extract; repellent effect; Tribolium castaneum

ABSTRAK

Penggunaan racun perosak botani merupakan trend terbaru pada masa kini dalam kawalan perosak sebagai langkah alternatif yang selamat untuk alam sekitar bagi bahan kimia sintetik. Oleh itu, kajian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis juzuk fitokimia daripada empat tumbuhan ubatan Cina iaitu Lonicera maackii, Platycladus orientalis, Viburnum opulus dan Crataegus pinnatifida dan untuk mengkaji potensi racun serangga daripada ekstrak daun tumbuhan-tumbuhan ini terhadapTribolium castaneum. Penyelidikan ini dijalankan di makmal Institut Sumber dan Kejuruteraan Alam Sekitar, Universiti Shanxi, China. Ekstrak etil asetat, metanol dan air daripada daun tumbuhan diuji pada kepekatan yang berbeza (5, 2.5 dan 1.25% w/v). Hasil daripada pengekstrakan bahan, kematian dan kesan penghalau adalah antara parameter penting yang dinilai. Pemeriksaan fitokimia telah menunjukkan adanya alkaloid, saponin, tanin, flavonoid dan terpenoid pada C. pinnatifida, tetapi tumbuhan lain juga mengandungi sebilangan sebatian ini. Kepekatan ekstrak etil asetat tertinggi (5%) pada V. opulus dan C. pinnatifida memperoleh kaedah kematian terbaik (masing-masing 5.00±0.41 dan 4.75±0.25a), berbanding dengan rawatan lain, tetapi tanpa perbezaan yang signifikan untuk kepekatan lain (2.5%) bagi kedua-dua ekstrak. Dalam ujian penghalauan, metanol bagiL. maackii memberi peratusan penghalauan tertinggi (91.38%). Hasil kajian membuktikan bahawa ekstrak etil asetatV. opulus dan C. pinnatifida adalah rawatan racun serangga terbaik, manakala ekstrak metanol bagiL. maackii memberikan kesan penghalau yang terbaik terhadapT. castaneum. Ketiga-tiga tanaman ini memerlukan kajian tambahan untuk dinilai sebagai komponen dalam pengurusan perosak bagi perosak stor.

Kata kunci: Ekstrak metanol; kesan penghalau; Tribolium castaneum; tumbuhan cina

RUJUKAN

Adebayo, A.P., Alad, A.Y. & Yankubu, O.F. 2017. GC-MS analysis of Viburnum opulus (L.) extract and its toxicity studies in rats. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Clinical Research 10(6): 383-388.

Agrafioti, P., Athanassiou, C.G. & Nayak, M.K. 2019. Detection of phosphine resistance in major stored-product insects in Greece and evaluation of a field resistance test kit. Journal of Stored Products Research 82: 40-47.

Alam, M., Uddin, G., Sadat, A., Muhammd, N., Khan, A.A. & Siddiqui, B.S. 2012.  Evaluation of Viburnum grandiflorum for its in-vitro pharmacological screening. African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 6(22): 1606-1610.

Alinezhad, S., Kamalzadeh, A., Shams-Ghahfarokhi, M., Rezaee, M.B., Jaimand, K., Kawachi, M., Zamani, Z, Tolouei, R. & Razzaghi-Abyaneh, M. 2011. Search for novel antifungals from 49 indigenous medicinal plants: Foeniculum vulgare and Platycladus orientalis as strong inhibitors of aflatoxin production by Aspergillus parasiticus. Annals of Microbiology 61(3): 673-681.

Banu, K.S. & Cathrine, L. 2015. General techniques involved in phytochemical analysis. International Journal of Advanced Research in Chemical Science 2(4): 25-32.

Berndt, W.L. 1963. Synergism in repellent action of combinations of pipernyl butoxide and allethrin. PHD Dissertation. Kansas State University (Unpublished).

Bilal, H., Akram, W., Hassan, S.A., Zia, A., Bhatti A.R., Mastoi, M.I. & Aslam S. 2015. Insecticidal and repellent potential of citrus essential oils against Tribolium castaneum Herbst (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Pakistan Journal of Zoology 47(4): 997-1002.

Castillo-Sánchez, L.E., Jiménez-Osornio, J.J. & Delgado-Herrera, M.A. 2010. Secondary metabolites of the annonaceae, solanaceae and meliaceae families used as biological control of insects. Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems 12: 445-462.

Chen, X., Zhang, S., Xuan, Z., Ge, D., Chen X., Zhang, J., Wang, Q., Wu, Y. & Liu, B. 2017. The phenolic fraction of Mentha haplocalyx and its constituent Linarin ameliorate inflammatory response through inactivation of NF-κB and MAPKs in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW264.7 cells. Molecules 22(5): 811.

Chu, W., Gao, P. & Li, L.Z. 2019. Chemical constituents from the leaves of Crataegus pinnatifidaBge. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 86: 103923.

Cipollini, D., Stevenson, R., Enright, S., Eyles, A. & Bonello, P. 2008. Phenolic metabolites in leaves of the invasive shrub, Lonicera maackii, and their potential phytotoxic and anti-herbivore effects. Journal of Chemical Ecology 34: 144-152.

Dhaniya, M.V. & Dayanandan, S. 2016. Common medicinal plants as repellents against stored grain insects Sitophilus oryzae and Tribolium castaneum. Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science 9(8): 71-77.

Dorning, M. & Cipollini, D. 2006. Leaf and root extracts of the invasive shrub, Lonicera maackii, inhibit seed germination of three herbs with no autotoxic effects. Plant Ecology 184(2): 287-296.

Duhan, J.S., Saharan, P., Surekha & Kumar, A. 2013. Antimicrobial potential of various fractions of Thuja orientalis. African Journal of Microbiology Research 7(25): 3179-3186.  

Dwivedi, S.C. & Shekhawat, N.B. 2004. Repellent effect of some indigenous plant extracts against Trogoderma granarium(everts). Asian Journal of Experimental Sciences 18(1 & 2): 47-51.

Ebadollahi, A. 2011. Chemical constituents and toxicity of Agastache foeniculum (pursh) kuntze essential oil against two stored-product insect pests. Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research 71(2): 212-217.

Elamin, M.M. & Satti, A.A. 2013. Insecticidal potentialities of Balanites aegyptiaca extracts against the khapra beetle (Trogoderma granarium). Global Advanced Research Journal of Environmental Science and Toxicology 2(1): 5-10.

Elamin, M.M. & Satti, A.A. 2012. Insecticidal and repellent effects of Aristolochia bracteolata lam. against Trogoderma granarium everts. International Journal of Science Innovations and Discoveries 2(6): 559-566.

El Minshawy, A.M. & Hegazi, E.M. 2001. Insect Pests and Animal and Their Control. 1st edition. Alexandria, Egypt: Modern Almaarif Library.

Emery, R. & Cousins, D. 2019. Insect Pests of Stored Grain. https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/print/node/1167. Accessed on 24 May 2019.

Gao, P., Li, S., Liu, K., Sun, C., Song, S. & Li, L. 2019. Antiplatelet aggregation and antithrombotic benefits of terpenes and flavones from hawthorn leaf extract isolated using the activity-guided method. Food and Function 10(2): 859-866.

Gao, P.Y., Li, L.Z., Peng, Y., Li, F.F., Niu, C., Huang, X.X. & Song, S.J. 2010. Monoterpene and lignan glycosides in the leaves of Crataegus pinnatifida. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 38(5): 988-992.

Garcia, M., Donadel, O.J., Ardanaz, C.E., Tonn, C.E. & Sosa, M.E. 2005. Toxic and repellent effects of Baccharis salicifoliaessential oil on Tribolium castaneum. Pest Management Science 61: 612-618.

Ilieş, D.C., Rădulescu, V. & Duţu, L. 2014. Volatile constituents from the flowers of two species of honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica and Lonicera caprifolium). Farmacia 62(1): 194-201.

Jasuja, N.D., Sharma, S.K., Saxena, R., Choudhary, J., Sharma, R. & Joshi, S.C. 2013. Antibacterial, antioxidant and phytochemical investigation of Thuja orientalis leaves. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research 7(25): 1886-1893.

Kumar, G.S., Jayaveera, K.N., Kumar, C.K.A., Sanjay, U.P., Swamy, B.M.V. & Kumar, D.V.K. 2007. Antimicrobial effects of Indian medicinal plants against acne-inducing bacteria. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 6(2): 717-723.

Leonard, J.E. & Ehrman, L. 1976. Recognition and sexual selection in Drosophila: Classification, quantification and identification. Science 193(4254): 693-695.

Manimegalai, S., Adhithya, R., Vellaikumar, S., Paramasivam, M. & Chandrasekaran, S. 2010. Separation and characterization of antibacterial compounds from Aegle marmelos correa and Thuja orientalis L. against silkworm pathogens. International Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology 1(3): 177-186.

Meyer, J.R. 2020. General Entomology: Coleoptera. https://projects.ncsu.edu/cals/course/ent425/library/compendium/coleoptera.html. Accessed on January 2020.

Miller, K.E. & Gorchov, D.L. 2004. The invasive shrub, Lonicera maackii, reduces growth and fecundity of perennial forest herbs. Oecologia 139(3): 359-375.

Mishra, B.B., Tripathi, S.P. & Tripathi, C.P.M. 2016. Effect of temperature at fixed relative humidity in fecundity and development of Tribolium castaneum(herbst). Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 4(3): 255-257.

Nayak, M.K. & Daglish, G.J. 2018. Importance of stored product insects. In Recent Advances in Stored Product Protection, edited by Athanassiou, C. & Arthur, F. Berlin: Springer. pp. 1-17.

Noling, J.W. & Becker, J.O. 1994. The challenge of research and extension to define and implement alternative to methyl bromide. Journal of Nematology 26(45): 573-586.

Parekh, J. & Chanda, S.V. 2007. In vitro antimicrobial activity and phytochemical analysis of some Indian medicinal plants. Turkish Journal of Biology 31(1): 53-58.

Priya, A., Trupti, S. & Mira, R. 2016. Insecticidal activity of different solvent extracts of Zanthoxylum rhetsa (ROXB.)DC. against Tribolium castaneum herbst. World Journal of Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences 2(4): 230-239.

Regnault-Roger, C., Ribodeau, M., Hamraoui, A., Bareau, I., Blanchard, P., Gil-Munoz, M.I. & Barberan, F.T. 2004. Polyphenolic compounds of Mediterranean Lamiaceae and investigation of orientational effects on Acanthoscelides obtectus (say). Journal of Stored Products Research 40: 395-408.

Rehman, H., Mirza, S., Hasan M., Ali, Q., Shakir, H.A. & Yasir, M. 2018. Repellent potential of three medicinal plant extracts against Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Punjab University Journal of Zoology 33(2): 121-126.

Sallam, M.N. 1999. Insect damage: Post-harvest operation.  InInformation on Post-harvest Operations (INHpO), edited by Mejía, D. Nairobi, Kenya. pp. 12-13.

Sasidharan, S., Chen, Y., Saravanan, D., Sundram, K.M. & Latha, L.Y. 2011. Extraction, isolation and characterization of bioactive compounds plants’extracts. African Journal of Traditional Complementary and Alternative Medicines 8(1): 1-10. 

Sati, S.C., Joshi, S. & Kumar, P. 2014. Antibacterial activity of Kumaun Himalayan Biota orientalisL. leaf extracts. African Journal of Microbiology Research 8(6): 603-608.

Satti, A.A. & Elamin, M.M. 2012. Insecticidal activities of two meliaceous plants against Trogoderma granarium everts (Coleoptera: Dermestidae). International Journal of Science and Nature 3(3): 696-701.

Selvakumar, S. & Madhan, K.U. 2017. Preliminary phytochemical analysis of various extracts of Croton bonplandianus. Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences 8(3): 173.

Seufi, A.M. & Galal, F.H. 2019. Insects as medical suppliers of bioreactors: Mini review. Journal of Innovative Science and Technology 1(1): 1-9.

Shaheen, F.A., Parveen, S., Zia, A., Qadir, G., Husain, M. & Khan, R.U. 2016. Predatory aptness of ants against red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum herbst (Tenebrionidae: Coleoptera) in wheat flour. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences 29(2): 170-178.

Shi, L., Yang, X., Gao, Z., Jia, Y., Bi, Z., Lu, F. & Cui, T. 2018. Determination of nine phenolic components in leaves of Crataegus pinnatifidaBge. Medicinal Plant 9(2): 22-26.

Song, S.J., Li, L.Z., Gao, P.Y., Peng, Y., Yang, J.Y. & Wu, C.F. 2011. Terpenoids and hexenes from the leaves of Crataegus pinnatifida. Food Chemistry 129(3): 933-939.

Taylor, R.W.D. 1994. Methyl bromide: Is there any future for this fumigant? Journal of Stored Products Research 30(4): 253-260.

Ukeh, D.A. & Umoetok, S.B.A. 2011. Repellent effects of five monoterpenoid odours against Tribolium castaneum (herbst) and Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) in Calabar, Nigeria. Crop Protection 30(10): 1351-1355.

Via, S. 1999. Cannibalism facilitates the use of a novel environment in the flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum. Heredity 82: 267-275.

Waliullah, T.M., Yeasmin, A.M., Wahedul,M. & Parvez, H. 2014. Insecticidal andrepellent activity of Clerodendrum viscosumvent. (Verbenaceae) against Tribolium castaneum (herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea). Academic Journal of Entomology 7(2): 63-69.

Wen, L., Lin, Y., Lv, R., Yu, J., Zhao, H., Wang, X. & Wang, D. 2017. An efficient method for the preparative isolation and purification of flavonoids from leaves of Crataegus pinnatifida by HSCCC and Pre-HPLC. Molecules 22(5): 767.

White, N.D.G. 1995. Insects, mites and insecticides in stored grain ecosystems. In Stored Grain Ecosystems, edited by Jayas, D.S., White, N.D.G. & Muir, W.E. New York: Marcel Dekker Inc. pp. 123-168.

World Health Organization (WHO). 1997. Medicinal Plants in China: A Selection of 150 Commonly Used Species. Manila: WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific.

Wu, J., Peng, W., Qin, R.Z. & Zhou, H. 2014. Crataegus pinnatifida: Chemical constituents, pharmacology, and potential applications. Molecules 19(2): 1685-1712.

Zettler, L.C. & Cuperus, G.W. 1990. Pesticide resistance in Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and Rhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) in wheat. Journal of Economic Entomology 83(5): 1677-1681.

Zia, A., Aslam, M., Naz, F.I. & Illyas, M. 2011. Bio-efficacy of some plant extracts against chickpea beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis linnaeus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) attacking chickpea. Pakistan Journal of Zoology 43(4): 733-737. 

*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: cfangqin@sxu.edu.cn