Sains Malaysiana 51(2)(2022): 379-388

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2022-5102-05

Effects of Organic Amendment on Heavy Metal and Macronutrient Contents in Paddy Soil

(Kesan Bahan Pembaik Pulih Organik pada Logam Berat dan Kandungan Makronutrien di dalam Tanih Padi)

MUHAMMAD RENDANA¹, WAN MOHD RAZI IDRIS²*, SAHIBIN ABD RAHIM³,  ZULFAHMI ALI RAHMAN² & TUKIMAT LIHAN²

¹Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sriwijaya, Indralaya 30662 Sumatera Selatan, Indonesia

²Department of Earth Sciences and Environmental, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

³Environmental Science Program, Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah

88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia

Diserahkan: 31 Disember 2020/Diterima: 28 Mei 2021

ABSTRACT

The enormous use of chemical fertilizers recently has contributed to negative impacts on soil quality for agriculture purposes. However, if we use the fertilizer along with the organic amendment, it would offer a good approach for sustainable agriculture practice. Therefore, this study examined the effects of HT Organic Compound (HTOC) application on heavy metal and macronutrient content of the soil in a 2-season cultivated paddy field from 2016 to 2017. The sampling period was carried out after the harvest period and this study included three treatments: Chemical fertilizer or NPK (CF), chemical fertilizer and 250 kg organic amendment (CF+HTOC250), and chemical fertilizer and 500 kg organic amendment (CF+HTOC500). Several soil parameters were analyzed for this study such as soil organic matter content, pH, available P, available K, total N, and some heavy metals like As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn. The results showed that the treated soil (CF+HTOC treatment) showed significantly higher soil organic matter content, pH, available P, available K, and total N than the chemical fertilizer treatment (CF). In the long-term application, the treated soils with HTOC tended to have lower Cd, Cr, Cu and Pb concentrations as compared with the chemical fertilizer treatment (CF). As a whole, this study concluded the application of chemical fertilizer along with HTOC could be an alternative method to improving soil quality in a paddy field area.

Keywords: Chemical fertilizer; heavy metal; HTOC; paddy soil; soil nutrient

ABSTRAK

Penggunaan baja kimia dengan jumlah yang banyak pada masa kini telah menyumbang kepada kesan-kesan negatif terhadap kualiti tanah bagi tujuan pertanian. Tetapi, jika kita menggunakan baja kimia bersama dengan bahan pembaik pulih organik, ia akan menawarkan pendekatan yang baik untuk amalan pertanian lestari. Oleh itu, kajian ini mengkaji kesan penggunaan HT Organic Compound (HTOC) ke atas logam berat dan kandungan makronutrien tanih selama dua musim penanaman padi dari tahun 2016 hingga 2017. Masa aktiviti persampelan dilakukan selepas masa tuai dan dalam kajian ini terdapat tiga jenis rawatan yang dikaji; baja kimia atau NPK (CF), baja kimia dan 250 kg bahan pembaik pulih organik (CF+HTOC250), baja kimia dan 500 kg bahan pembaik pulih organik (CF+HTOC500). Beberapa paramater tanih yang dianalisis dalam kajian ini seperti kandungan bahan organik tanih, pH, P tersedia, K tersedia, jumlah N dan beberapa unsur logam berat seperti As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb dan Zn. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa tanah yang dirawat (CF+HTOC) menunjukkan kandungan bahan organik tanih, pH dan P tersedia, K tersedia dan jumlah N yang signifikan lebih tinggi daripada rawatan baja kimia (CF). Bagi penggunaan jangka panjang, tanah yang dirawat dengan HTOC cenderung mempunyai kandungan logam berat yang lebih rendah berbanding dengan rawatan baja kimia (CF). Secara keseluruhan, kajian ini menyimpulkan penggunaan baja kimia bersama dengan HTOC boleh menjadi kaedah alternatif untuk membaikpulih kualiti tanih di kawasan sawah padi.

Kata kunci: Baja kimia; HTOC; logam berat; nutrien tanih; tanih sawah

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: razi@ukm.edu.my