Sains Malaysiana 51(3)(2022): 633-642

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2022-5103-01

Allelopathic Potential of Cassava (Manihot esculenta L.) Extracts on Germination and Seedling Growth of Selected Weeds and Aerobic Rice

(Potensi Alelopati Ekstrak Ubi Kayu (Manihot exulenta L.) terhadap Percambahan dan Pertumbuhan Anak Benih Rumpai Terpilih dan Padi Aerobik)

SITI AISYAH MOHAMMAD TAUPIK^1,2,3,4, SITI NUR ANISAH AANI³, CHIA POH WAI⁵ & CHUAH TSE SENG^2,*

¹Institute of Graduate Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia 

²Faculty of Plantation and Agrotechnology, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 02600 Arau, Perlis Indera Kayangan, Malaysia 

³Faculty of Plantation and Agrotechnology, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 77300 UiTM Merlimau, Melaka, Malaysia 

⁴Faculty of Fisheries and Food Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 UMT Kuala Nerus, Terengganu Darul Iman, Malaysia 

⁵Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 UMT Kuala Nerus, Terengganu Darul Iman, Malaysia

Diserahkan: 15 September 2020/Diterima: 25 Februari 2021

ABSTRACT

Weed infestation is a major problem in the aerobic rice system due to the lack of standing water that could prevent the growth of weeds. To reduce heavy reliance on herbicide, this research aims to determine the potential of cassava allelopathy for inhibition of weeds in aerobic rice. The allelopathic potential of cassava extracts on the germination and growth of tested weed species (Eleusine indica, Ageratum conyzoides, and Cyperus distans) and aerobic rice (Oryza sativa) was conducted in the laboratory. The results showed that increasing the aqueous extract concentrations of cassava extracts inhibited the germination and seedling growth of tested weeds, suggesting the allelopathic effects of cassava extracts are concentration dependent. The degree of phytotoxicity of different vegetative parts of cassava can be classified in order of decreasing inhibition as follows: leaf, stem, tuber, and tuber peel. Aqueous leaf extract of cassava at a concentration of 0.5% (w/v) provided complete inhibition on A. conyzoides, E. indica, and C. distans germination whereas 25% to 100% inhibition on the shoot growth was recorded. By contrast, the shoot growth and germination of aerobic rice were not affected. These results suggest that the cassava leaf extracts contain water-soluble allelochemicals for inhibition on A. conyzoides, E. indica, and C. distans in aerobic rice.

Keywords: Ageratum conyzoides; aqueous leaf extract; Cyperus distans; Eleusine indica; Manihot esculenta

ABSTRAK

Serangan rumpai adalah masalah utama dalam sistem padi aerobik kerana kekurangan air bertakung dapat mengawal pertumbuhan rumpai. Bagi mengurangkan kebergantungan yang tinggi pada racun rumpai, kajian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan potensi alelopati ubi kayu untuk perencatan rumpai dalam padi aerobik. Potensi alelopati ekstrak ubi kayu terhadap percambahan dan pertumbuhan rumpai (Eleusine indica, Ageratum conyzoides dan Cyperus distans) dan padi aerobik (Oryza sativa) dijalankan dalam pengasaian makmal. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa peningkatan kepekatan ekstrak akues ubi kayu telah merencatkan percambahan, pertumbuhan anak benih dan pertumbuhan akar rumpai yang diuji dan ini mencadangkan kesan alelopati ekstrak ubi kayu bergantung kepada kepekatan. Tahap kefitotoksikan daripada bahagian vegetatif ubi kayu yang berbeza dapat dikelaskan dalam urutan penurunan perencatan seperti berikut: daun, batang, ubi dan kulit. Ekstrak daun ubi kayu pada kepekatan 0.5% (w/v) memberi perencatan sepenuhnya terhadap percambahan rumpai manakala perencatan sebanyak 25% hingga 100% ke atas pertumbuhan pucuk A. conyzoides, E. indica dan C. distans dicatatkan. Sebaliknya, pertumbuhan pucuk dan percambahan padi aerobik tidak terjejas. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahawa ekstrak daun ubi kayu mengandungi alelokimia yang larut dalam air untuk merencat A. conyzoides, E. indica dan C. distans dalam padi aerobik.

Kata kunci: Ageratum conyzoides; Cyperus distans; ekstrak daun ubi; Eleusine indica; Manihot esculenta

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: chuahts@uitm.edu.my