Sains Malaysiana 51(6)(2022): 1811-1820

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2022-5106-17

Effect of Different Methods of Deacidification on the Properties of Noni (Morinda citrifolia) Extract

(Kesan Kaedah Berbeza Penyahasidan terhadap Sifat Ekstrak Mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia))

YAP YENNY¹, MUHAMMAD AFWAN JAMIL¹, HASLANIZA HASHIM^1,2 & MOHAMAD YUSOF MASKAT^1,2,*

¹Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

²Innovation Center for Confectionery Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

Diserahkan: 10 Julai 2021/ Diterima: 26 Oktober 2021

Abstract

Deacidification of fruit extracts is necessary in certain situations which include consumer preference and product application. Although deacidification of noni extract using ion exchange resin and calcium carbonate addition has been reported, comparison between the two methods is lacking. This study was conducted to compare the effects of different deacidification treatments of ion exchange resin and calcium carbonate on the properties of noni extract. Ion exchange resin (Amberlite IRA-67) (R), calcium carbonate addition (CC), ion exchange resin followed by calcium carbonate addition (RC) and calcium carbonate addition followed by ion exchange resin (CR) were used to deacidify noni extract. Subsequently, analysis for pH, total soluble solids (TSS), total phenolic content (TPC), free radical scavenging ability (DPPH) and ferric reducing power (FRAP) were carried out. Compared to control, TPC, DPPH, and FRAP of noni extract decreased significantly (p<0.05) after deacidification using all different treatments. pH increased significantly (p<0.05) for all samples. TSS decreased significantly (p<0.05) after deacidification using all different treatments except for samples using resin (R) and calcium carbonate (CC). Deacidification using resin (R) produced a higher pH but lower TPC, DPPH and FRAP compared to calcium carbonate (CC). Ion exchange resin followed by calcium carbonate (RC) produced a lower (p<0.05) DPPH compared to calcium carbonate followed by ion exchange resin (CR). Deacidification of noni extract using calcium carbonate (CC) was the best method as it produced the smallest (p<0.05) reduction per change of pH for FRAP and no significant difference for DPPH compared to ion exchange resin (R).

Keywords: Antioxidant activity; calcium carbonate; deacidification; ion exchange resin; noni

Abstrak

Penyahasidan ekstrak buah adalah perlu di dalam keadaan tertentu berdasarkan keperluan pengguna dan aplikasi produk. Walaupun penyahasidan ekstrak mengkudu menggunakan resin penukar ion dan penambahan kalsium karbonat telah dilaporkan, tetapi tiada perbandingan antara dua kaedah ini yang telah dilakukan. Kajian ini dijalankan untuk membandingkan kesan perlakuan penyahasidan yang berbeza iaitu resin penukar ion dan kalsium karbonat terhadap ciri ekstrak mengkudu. Resin penukar ion (Amberlite IRA-67)(R), penambahan kalsium karbonat (CC), resin penukar ion diikuti dengan penambahan kalsium karbonat (RC) dan penambahan kalsium karbonat diikuti resin penukar ion (CR) telah digunakan untuk penyahasidan ekstrak mengkudu. Seterusnya, analisis untuk pH, jumlah pepejal larut (TSS), jumlah kandungan fenol (TPC), penangkapan radikal bebas (DPPH) dan kuasa penurunan ferik (FRAP) telah dijalankan. Berbanding dengan kawalan, TPC, DPPH dan FRAP ekstrak mengkudu berkurangan dengan ketara (p<0.05) setelah penyahasidan menggunakan kesemua perlakuan. pH meningkat dengan ketara (p<0.05) untuk semua sampel. TSS berkurangan dengan ketara (p<0.05) selepas penyahasidan oleh semua perlakuan melainkan sampel menggunakan resin (R) dan kalsium karbonat (CC). Penyahasidan menggunakan resin (R) menghasilkan pH yang lebih tinggi tetapi TPC, DPPH dan FRAP yang lebih rendah berbanding kalsium karbonat (CC). Penyahasidan menggunakan resin penukar ion diikuti kalsium karbonat (RC) menghasilkan DPPH yang lebih rendah (p<0.05) berbanding kalsium karbonat diikuti resin penukar ion (CR). Penyahasidan ekstrak mengkudu menggunakan kalsium karbonat (CC) adalah kaedah yang terbaik kerana menghasilkan penurunan terkecil (p<0.05) untuk setiap perubahan pH bagi FRAP dan tiada perbezaan ketara dengan DPPH berbanding resin penukar ion (R).

Kata kunci: Aktiviti antioksidan; kalsium karbonat; mengkudu; penyahasidan; resin penukar ion

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^*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: yusofm@ukm.edu.my