Pandangan Ulama Terhadap Karya dan Ketokohan Muhammad bin Ishaq WAN KAMAL MUJANI Islamiyyat 20 Teks PenuhABSTRAK
Muhammad bin Ishaq atau Ibn Ishaq adalah tokoh sejarawan yang terkenal dan terkemuka dalam dunia pensejarahan awal Islam. Beliau telah mengorak langkah merintis kaedah pensejarahan yang lebih bersistematik dan seterusnya membawa penulisan Sirah dan Maghazi ke tahap kemuncaknya yang menjadi sumber rujukan utama kepada para sejarawan terkemudian. Keupayaan Ibn Ishaq lebih terserlah jika dibandingkan dengan sejarawan-sejarawan terdahulu dari perspektif pengetahuannya yang lebih universal, kemampuannya menghimpunkan maklumat-maklumat daripada pelbagai sumber dan kebolehannya menyusun dengan baik data-data yang telah dikumpulkan. Penulisan beliau yang bertajuk Kitab al-Mubtada’ wa al-Mabcath wa al-Maghazi memperlihatkan hasil pemahamannya yang lebih luas mengenai Sirah dan Maghazi berbanding dengan karya-karya yang lebih awal dan sezaman. Ini kerana ia merangkumi sejarah para nabi sebagai pendahuluan dan perihal para sahabat yang disusun berdasarkan metodologi penulisan yang lebih terancang dan menarik. Meskipun Ibn Ishaq menerima kecaman hebat daripada sebilangan ulama hadis tetapi sumbangan dan peranan beliau dalam perkembangan bidang pensejarahan Islam adalah sesuatu yang tidak dinafikan apabila mendapat pengiktirafan Muhammad bin Muslim al-Zuhri dan Muhammad bin Idris al-Shafice. Dakwaan dan tohmahan yang mempertikaikan kewibawaan Ibn Ishaq juga memerlukan kepada penilaian semula kerana sebahagian besar tokoh ulama hadis yang lain telah mengambil sikap memihak dan mempertahankan beliau.ABSTRACT
Muhammad bin Ishaq or Ibn Ishaq is one of the most distinguished and prominent historian in the beginning of the Islamic historiography. He was the great pioneer in the systematic methodology of historiography. He tremendously brought the writings of Sirah and Maghazi to the highest position. His writings was at the meantime regarded as the primary source for the later historians. He was very learned and possessed the most outstanding ability especially in compiling information from various sources and his ability in arranging the compiled data. Thus these invaluable skills earned him as top historian compared to those of the earlier historians. His book on Kitab al-Mubtada’ wa al-Mabcath wa al-Maghazi mirrors his comprehensive understanding pertaining to the Sirah and Maghazi compared to the earlier writers and those of the same period. This was due to the fact that the particular book consisted of the history of the prophet in the preface and of the history of the companions which were beautifully arranged according to standard methodology of writing. Even though Ibn Ishaq received great criticisms from some of the Muhaddithin, his contributions and role played in developing the field of Islamic historiography were considered as one of the most undeniable fact when he obtained recognition from Muhammad bin Muslim al-Zuhri and Muhammad bin Idris al-Shafice. Since most of the hadith scholars were in favour of him, those allegations which question his authority need to be re-assessed.
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