Sains Malaysiana 37(4): 313-321(2008)

Water Quality of Several Feeder Rivers

between Two Seasons in Tasik Chini, Pahang

(Kualiti Air di antara Dua Musim Beberapa Sungai

Pembekal di Tasik Chini, Pahang)

Muhammad Barzani Gasim, Ahmad Abas, Mir Sujaul Islam, Tan Choon Chek

Pusat Pengajian Sains Sekitaran & Sumber Alam

Fakulti Sains & Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

43600 Bangi, Selangor, D.E., Malaysia

Mohd. Ekhwan Hj. Toriman

Pusat Pengajian Sains Sosial, Pembangunan & Persekitaran

Fakulti Sains Sosial & Kemanusiaan, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

43600 Bangi, Selangor, D.E., Malaysia

Received:  26 March 2007 / Accepted: 12 March 2008

ABSTRACT

Water quality analysis of the seven feeder rivers in Tasik Chini was carried out from October 2004 to December 2005. A total of nine sampling sites were selected in this study, namely: Sungai Datang (St.1), Sungai Cenahan (St. 2), downstream of Sungai Gumum (St. 3), mid of Sungai Gumum (St. 4), Sungai Kura-kura (St. 5), Sungai Melai  (St. 6), Sungai Jemberau (St. 7), upstream of Sungai Paya Merupuk (St. 8), and downstream of Sungai Paya Merupuk (St. 9). Eleven water quality parameters were selected and analyzed in-situ and ex-situ during two sampling seasons.  Laboratory analyses were carried out according to the HACH and APHA. Results of the study indicated that the pH content ranged from 3.2 to 6.32, dissolved oxygen 0.27 to 6.4 mg/L, conductivity from 14.33 to 85.7 µS/cm and temperature from 24.1 to 32.1˚C. Total dissolved solids ranged from 22.67 to 184 mg/L, total suspended solids from 1.17 to 79.11 mg/L and turbidity from 4.67 to 28.67 NTU.  Nutrients such as ammonical nitrogen (0.01 to 0.57 mg/L), nitrate (0.7 to 2.9 mg/L), phosphate (from not detectable to 0.50 mg/L) and sulphate (from not detectable to 2.0 mg/L) were also studied. This showed that most of the feeder rivers have contributed to high nutrients values in Tasik Chini. Statistically, the relationship between water quality parameters were correlated as very weak and moderately correlated (R²= 0.40). Phosphate and sulphate were significantly correlated as positive slope; turbidity and nitrate showed negative slope with discharge during both the seasons (R²=0.651; R²=0.624). Recent activities such as deforestation, mining, agriculture and tourism have taken place in the surrounding areas of the lake. These activities were expected to influence the stability of the water quality of the feeder river of Tasik Chini.

Keywords: Feeder rivers; logging; nutrients; Tasik Chini; water quality 

ABSTRAK 

Analisis terhadap kualiti tujuh sungai pembekal di Tasik Chini telah dijalankan dari Oktober 2004 sehingga Disember 2005. Sembilan lokasi pensampelan telah dipilih dalam kajian ini, iaitu: Sg. Datang (St. 1), Sg. Cenahan (St. 2), Hilir Sg. Gumum (St. 3), Pertengahan Sg. Gumum (St. 4), Sg. Kura-kura (St. 5), Sg. Melai (St. 6), Sg. Jemberau (St. 7), Hulu Sg. Paya Merupuk (St. 8), dan Hilir Sg. Paya Merupuk (St. 9). 11 parameter kualiti air telah dipilih dan dianalisis secara in-situ dan ex-situ di makmal pada kedua  pensampelan mengikut musim. Analisis makmal sepenuhnya dijalankan mengikut kaedah HACH dan APHA. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa kandungan pH berjulat di antara 3.2 ke 6.32, oxygen terlarut dari 0.27 ke 6.4 mg/L, konduktiviti dari 14.33 ke 85.7 µS/cm dan suhu dari 24.1 ke 32.1˚C. Jumlah pepejal terlarut berjulat dari 22.67 ke184 mg/L, jumlah pepejal terampai (1.17 ke 79.11 mg/L) dan turbiditi dari 4.67 ke 28.67 NTU. Kandungan nutrien seperti ammonia nitrogen (0.01 ke 0.57 mg/L), nitrat (0.7 ke 2.9 mg/L), fosfat (nilai yang tidak dikesan ke 0.50 mg/L) dan sulfat (nilai yang tidak dikesan ke 2.0 mg/L) turut dikaji. Ini menunjukkan bahawa kebanyakan sungai pembekal merupakan penyumbang kepada kandungan nutrien yang tinggi di Tasik Chini.   Secara statistik, hubungan korelasi di antara parameter kualiti air menunjukkan perkaitan sangat lemah dan sederhana (R²=0.40) atau lebih rendah. Fosfat dan sulfat mempunyai perkaitan yang bererti sebagai cerun positif, turbiditi dan nitrat dengan luahan sebagai cerun negatif di kedua-dua musim (R²=0.651; R²=0.624). Beberapa kegiatan terkini, seperti penebangan pokok di hutan, perlombongan, pertanian dan pelancongan masih berlaku di sekeliling tasik. Kegiatan sebegini dijangkakan mempengaruhi kestabilan kualiti air sungai-sungai pembekal di Tasik Chini.

Kata kunci: Kualiti air; nutrien; pembalakan; sungai pembekal; Tasik Chini

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