Sains Malaysiana 37(4):435-441( 2008)

 

Ekstrak Akues Gynura procumbens Menurunkan Aras Glukosa Darah dan Meningkatkan Kualiti Sperma Tikus Teraruh Diabetis

(Gynura procumbens Leaves Aqueous Extract Decreased Blood Glucose Level and Increased Sperm Quality in Diabetic-Induced Rats)

 

 

Halimah Abdullah Sani, Nur Azanim Darus,

Mahanem Mat Noor & Isma Illyani Ismail

Pusat Pengajian Biosains dan BioteknologiFakulti Sains dan Teknologi,

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

 

Diserahkan: 11 Mac 2008 / Diterima: 28 April 2008

 

 

ABSTRAK

Diabetis mellitus merupakan sejenis penyakit metabolik yang disebabkan oleh peningkatan aras glukosa darah serta memberi kesan komplikasi terhadap kesihatan. Peningkatan aras glukosa dalam darah berpunca daripada kegagalan penghasilan insulin yang berperanan dalam mengawalatur aras glukosa darah. Lebih 90 % pesakit diabetis turut mengalami masalah gangguan fungsi seksual lelaki seperti penurunan libido, impoten dan infertiliti di mana kesemua masalah ini adalah disebabkan oleh kegagalan testis yang berkaitan dengan ciri hiperglisemia pesakit diabetis itu sendiri. Infertiliti merujuk kepada ketidaksuburan sperma atau ketidakupayaan individu untuk menghasilkan sperma yang normal. Kajian ini dijalankan untuk melihat potensi ekstrak akues Gynura procumbens (GP) untuk menurunkan aras glukosa darah serta meningkatkan kualiti sperma tikus jantan strain Sprague dawley teraruh diabetis. Tikus diaruh diabetik melalui suntikan intravena streptozotocin (STZ), 65 mg/kg. Kualiti sperma ditentukan berdasarkan parameter berbeza yang dikaji iaitu bilangan, motiliti dan  peratus mortaliti sperma. Tikus-tikus ini dibahagi kepada dua kumpulan iaitu normal dan diabetik. Setiap kumpulan ini dibahagi kepada 2 sub kumpulan dengan perlakuan yang berbeza iaitu kawalan (n=5) dan dos 50 mg/kg (n=5) di mana tikus ini diberikan rawatan selama 10 hari berturut-turut menggunakan ekstrak akues GP melalui kaedah suap paksa. Hasil menunjukkan rawatan dengan ekstrak GP menurunkan aras glukosa darah tikus diabetik daripada 15.08 ± 1.878 mmol/L kepada 10.42 ± 2.71 mmol/L secara signifikan (p<0.05). Rawatan dengan ekstrak GP  turut meningkatkan bilangan sperma normal dalam tikus diabetik secara signifikan (p<0.05). Bilangan sperma normal dalam tikus diabetik yang diberi rawatan ekstrak ialah (50.23 ± 3.12) x 10⁷ berbanding tikus kawalan diabetik (39.93 ± 8.06) x 10⁷. Sebanyak 38.5% tikus kawalan diabetik menghasilkan motiliti sperma gred d iaitu sperma tidak bergerak (immotil). Walau bagaimanapun, tikus diabetik yang diberi rawatan ekstrak GP menunjukkan penurunan sperma dalam gred d kepada 30.48% serta peningkatan sperma gred a iaitu sperma bergerak paling pantas daripada 31.25% kepada 34.86%. Tikus diabetik yang dirawat dengan ekstrak GP menunjukkan penurunan secara signifikan (p<0.05) dalam peratusan mortaliti sperma iaitu daripada 50.09 ± 14.34% kepada 30.57 ± 4.61%. Hasil ini menunjukkan ekstrak akues Gynura procumbens dapat menurunkan aras glukosa darah, merawat ketidaksuburan serta meningkatkan spermatogenesis pada tikus diabetik jantan.   

 

Kata kunci: Diabetis; Gynura procumbens; kualiti sperma

     

 

ABSTRACT

 

Diabetes mellitus has been reported to cause various health complications and increased glucose blood level. The increasing level of glucose in blood was caused by the failure to produce insulin which control blood glucose level. More than 90% of male diabetic patients have problem in sexual abilities such as experiencing low libido, impotence and infertility. Infertility could be due to lost of testicular function to produce normal and healthy sperm in an adequate quantity. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of Gynura procumbens (GP) aqueous extracts on glucose blood level and sperm quality in male diabetic-induced Sprague dawley rats. Diabetic was induced by intravenous injection of streptozotocin (65mg/kg). The sperm quality was determined by evaluating the sperm count, motility and percentage of mortality. Rats were divided into two groups, which were normal and diabetic-induced rats. Each group was then divided into two subgroups; non-treated group (n=5), which served as controls and the treated group (n=5) which were treated with 50 mg/kg GP aqueous leaves extract. Both normal and diabetic rats were forced-fed with the GP extract daily for ten days. The results show that treatment of GP extract decreased the blood glucose level from 15.08 ± 1.878 mmol/L to 10.42 ± 2.71 mmol/L significantly (p<0.05) in diabetic rats. Treatment of GP extract increased the normal sperm count of the diabetic group significantly (p<0.05). The normal sperm count in diabetic rats treated with GP was (50.23 ± 3.12) x 10⁷ compared to untreated-diabetic group (39.93 ± 8.06) x 10⁷. Most of the sperm motility in the untreated diabetic rats were in grade d (immotile) with 38.5%. However, diabetic rats treated with GP had a decrease of grade d sperm to 30.48% and an increase of grade a (progressive motility) sperm from 31.25% to 34.86%. The diabetic rats treated with GP also had a significant reduction (p<0.05) in percentage of sperm mortality, from 50.09 ± 14.34% to 30.57 ± 4.61%. These results show that the administration of Gynura procumbens aqueous extract had the ability to decrease blood glucose level, restore the fertility and increase spermatogenesis in male diabetic rats.  

 

Keywords :  Diabetes; Gynura procumbens; sperm quality

    

 

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