 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
Sains Malaysiana 38(4)(2009):
531–535
Mechanical
Properties of Natural Fibre Reinforced PVCComposites: A Review
(Sifat-sifat Mekanik Komposit PVC Diperkuat
GentianSemulajadi: Satu Tinjauan)
R. Wirawan, E.S. Zainudin* & S.M. Sapuan
Jabatan Mekanikal dan Kejuruteraan Pembuatan, Universiti Putra Malaysia
UPM 43400 Serdang, Selangor D.E., Malaysia
Received: 10 July 2008 / Accepted: 3 November 2008
ABSTRACT
Poly (vinyl
chloride), which is commonly abbreviated as PVC, is widely used due to it being inexpensive, durable, and flexible. As
a hard thermoplastic, PVC is used in the
applications such as in building materials pipe and plumbing. The factors that
should be considered in using PVC is safety and environmental issues. Mixing PVC with natural fibres is an interesting alternative.
The main challenge in the research on natural fibre/polymer composites is the
poor compatibility between the fibres and the matrix because this will affect
their bonding strength. During the mixing with PVC, some natural fibres may acts as reinforcing materials while other
natural fibres only act as filler, which contribute less to mechanical strength
improvement. However, generally natural fibres also give positive outcome to
the stiffness of the composites while decreasing the density.
Keywords:
Composites; natural fibre; poly (vinyl chloride)
ABSTRAK
Poly (vinyl chloride) yang dikenali secara amnya sebagai PVC, telah digunakan dengan meluasnya kerana kosnya
yang tidak tinggi, berdaya tahan dan fleksibel. Sebagai termoplastik keras, PVC digunakan dalam aplikasi seperti dalam bahan-bahan binaan dan
pempaipan. Perkara yang perlu diberi perhatian dalam
menggunakan PVC ialah mengenai
isu keselamatan dan alam sekitar. Mencampurkan PVC dengan gentian semula jadi adalah
alternatif yang menarik. Cabaran utama penyelidikan berkaitan komposit
gentian semulajadi/ polimer ialah kelemahan keserasian antara gentian dan damar
kerana ia mempengaruhi kekuatan ikatan di antara
gentian dan damar. Semasa pencampuran dengan PVC, sebahagian gentian semula jadi akan bertindak sebagai bahan penguat manakala yang lainnya hanya bertindak sebagai
pengisi yang kurang menyumbang kepada memperbaiki kekuatan mekanikal. Walau bagaimanapun, secara amnya gentian-gentian semulajadi ada
juga memberi kesan positif kepada kekakuan komposit manakala ketumpatan
berkurang.
Kata kunci:
Gentian semulajadi; komposit; poli (vinil klorida)
REFERENCES
Abu Bakar, A., Hassan A. & A.F.M., Yusof.
2005. Mechanical and thermal properties of oil palm empty fruit bunch-filled
unplasticized poly (vinyl chloride) composites. Polymers and Polymer
Composites 13(6): 607-617.
Ayora, M., Rios,
R., Quizano, J. & Marquez, A. 1997. Evaluation by
torque-rheometer of suspensions of semi-rigid and flexible natural fibres in a
matrix of poly (vinyl chloride). Polymer Composites 18(4):
549-560.
Bledzki, A.K.
& Gassan, J. 1999. Composites reinforced with cellulose based
fibres. Progress of Polymer Science 24(2): 221-74.
Brouwer, W. 2000. Natural fibre
composites in structural components: alternative application for sisal? Seminar, Commond Fund for Commodities- Alternative Applications
for Sisal and Henecuen. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of
the UN (FAO) and the Common Funds for Commodities (CFC).
Djidjelli, H., Vega, J.J.M.,Farenc, J., Farenc, J. & Benachour, D. 2002. Effect of
wood flour content on the thermal, mechanical and dielectric properties of poly(vinyl chloride). Macromolecular Materials and
Engineering 287: 611-618
Djidjelli, H.,
Boukerrou, A., Founas, R., Rabouhi, A., Kaci, M., & Farenc, J. 2007. Preparation and characterization of poly (vinyl chloride)/virgin
and treated sisal fibre composites. Journal of Applied Polymer
Science 103: 3630-3636.
Drzal, L.,
Mohanty, D., Burgueno, R. & Misra, M. 2004. Biobased structural
composite materials for housing and infrastructure applications: opportunities
and challenges. Proceedings of the NSF Housing Research Agenda Workshop 2: 129-140.
Ge, X., Li, X.
& Meng, y. 2004. Tensile properties, morphology, and thermal
behaviour of PVC composites containing pine flour and bamboo flour. Journal
of Applied Polymer Science 93:
1804-1811.
Jayaraman, K. 2003. Manufacturing
sisal-polypropylene composites with minimum fibre degradation. Composite
Science and Technology 63: 367-374.
Jiang, H. &
Kamdem, D. 2004. Development of poly (vinyl chloride)/wood
composites. A literature review. Journal of
Vinyl and Additive Technology 10(2): 59-69.
Jiang, H. &
Kamdem, D. 2004. Effects of copper amine treatment on
mechanical properties of PVC/wood-flour composites. Journal of Vinyl
and Additive Technology 10(2): 70-78.
Joseph, P., Rabello, M., Mattoso, l.,
Joseph, K. & Thomas, S. 2002. Environmental effects on the degradation
behaviour of sisal fibre reinforced polypropylene composites. Composites Science
and Technology 62: 1357-1372.
Kalaprasad, G.,
Joseph, K., Thomas, S. & Pavithran, C. 1997. Theoretical modelling of tensile properties of short sisal
fibre-reinforced lo-density polyethylene composites. Journal of
Materials Science 32: 4261-42.
Kamel, S. 2004. Preparation and properties
of composites made from rice straw and poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC). Polymers
for Advanced Technologies 15:
612-616.
Kokta, B.V.,
Maldas, D., Daneault, C. & Beland, P. 1990a. Composites of
poly (vinyl chloride) and wood fibers part II: Effect of chemical treatment. Polymer
Composites 11(2): 84-89.
Kokta, B.V.,
Maldas, D., Daneault, C. & Beland, P. 1990b. Composites of polyvinyl chloride-wood fibers. I. effect of isocyanate as a bonding agent. Polymer-plastics
Technology and Engineering 29(1&2): 87-118.
Leblanc, J.,
Furtado, C., Leite, M., L.L.Y, V., Souza, D. & A.M.F. 2007. Effect of the fibre content and plastisizer type on the rheological
and mechanical properties of poly (vinyl chloride)/green coconut fibre composites. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 106(6): 3653-3665.
Maldas, D., Kokta,
B. & Daneault, C. 1989. Composites of poly (vinyl chloride) and wood
fibers part IV: effect of the nature of fibers. Journal of Vinyl Technology 11(2): 90-99.
Mengeloglu, F.,
Mauana, l. & King, J. 2000. Effects of impact
modifiers on the properties of rigid PVC/wood-fibre composites. Journal
of Vinyl and Additive Technology 6(3): 143-157.
Mohanty, A., Misra, M., Drzal, L., Selke,
S., Harte, B. & Hinrichsen, G. 2005. Natural fibers, biopolymers, and
biocomposites: an introduction. In Natural Fibers, Biopolymers and
Biocomposites, edited by A. Mohanti, M. Misra, & L. Drzal, (pp. 1-36). New
York: Taylor & Francis inc.
Nass, l. 1985. Encyclopedia of PVC. New York: Marcel Dekker. Olesen, P. &
Plackett, D. 1999. Perspective on the performance
of natural plant fibres. Natural Fibres Performance Forum, May 27-28. Copenhagen.
Saheb, D. N. &
Jog, J. 1999. Natural fiber polymer composites: a review. Advanced Polymer Technology 18(4): 351-363.
Sarvetnick, H. 1977. Polivyl Chloride,
in: Reinhold Plastics Applications Serios. New york:
Nostrand Reinhold.
Vázquez, A.D. 1999. Bagasse
fiber-polypropylene based composites. Journal of Thermoplastic Composite
Materials 12: 477-497.
Vilay, V.,
Mariatti, M., Taib, R. & Todo, M. 2008. Effect of fiber surface treatment and fiber loading on the
properties of bagasse fiber–reinforced unsaturated polyester composites. Composites Science and Technology 68: 633-638.
Willoughby, D. 2002. Plastic
Piping Handbook. New York: McGraw-Hill. Zainudin, E.,
Sapuan, S., Abdan, K., Mohamed, M. & Maleque, M. 2007. Mechanical properties of banana-pseudostem fibre
reinforced uplastisized PVC composties. Proceedings of the 3rd Colloquium on
Postgraduate Research (pp. 132-133). Penang: National Postgraduate
Colloquium on Materials, Minerals and Polymer (MAMIP).
Zhao, Y., Wang,
K., Zhu, F., Xue, P. & Jia, M. 2006. Properties of poly (vinyl chloride)/wood
flour/montmorillonite composites: effects of coupling agents and layered
silicate. Polymer Degradation and Stability: 2874-2883.
Zheng, Y.-T., Cao,
D.-R., Wang, D.-S. & Chen, J.-J. 2007. Study on the interface moification
of bagasse fibre and the mechanical properties of its composite with PVC. Composites:
Part A 38: 20-25.
|
|||
|
