Sains Malaysiana 39(3)(2010): 505–511

Tahap Pengetahuan Pemakanan dan Kesedaran Kesihatan di Kalangan Pesakit Diabetes Mellitus di Klinik Kesihatan, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

(Level of Nutritional Knowledge and Health Awareness Among Diabetes Mellitus Patients at Cheras Health Clinic, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia)

Lim Ching Ju, Suzana Shahar*, Hanis Mastura Yahya, Teh Sin Ching, Nor Shazwani Mohd Nor, Lim Hwa Chuo, Mohd Fauzee Mohd Zaki & Dahlia Sallehuddin

Jabatan Pemakanan dan Dietetik, Fakulti Sains Kesihatan Bersekutu

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda A. Aziz

50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Norliza Mukhsan

Klinik Kesihatan Cheras KM 6, Jalan Cheras 56100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Received: 22 June 2009 / Accepted: 15 September 2009

ABSTRAK

Kawalan glisemik yang kurang memuaskan di kalangan pesakit diabetes mellitus adalah berkait rapat dengan tahap pengetahuan pemakanan yang rendah. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji tahap pengetahuan pemakanan dan kesedaran kesihatan di kalangan pesakit diabetes mellitus jenis II di Klinik Kesihatan Cheras. Seramai 132 responden (62 orang lelaki dan 70 orang perempuan) dibahagikan kepada dua kategori iaitu dewasa (30 hingga 59 tahun) dan warga emas (60 tahun dan ke atas) telah menyertai kajian ini. Responden ditemu bual menggunakan borang soal selidik untuk memperolehi data demografi, sosioekonomi, tahap pengetahuan pemakanan dan kesedaran kesihatan responden. Pengukuran antropometri juga dilakukan. Responden terdiri daripada 36.4% Melayu, 45.5% Cina dan 18.2% India. Majoriti (93.6%) mempunyai kawalan glisemik yang tidak memuaskan. Secara keseluruhan, 37.1% responden dikategorikan dalam tahap pengetahuan pemakanan kurang memuaskan, diikuti dengan 31. 8 % sederhana dan 31. 1% memuaskan. Responden dewasa menunjukkan skor pengetahuan pemakanan yang lebih tinggi (65.6 + 22.1%) berbanding warga emas (50.5 + 22.9%) (p<0.05). Selain itu, responden yang berpendidikan formal juga menunjukkan min skor pengetahuan pemakanan lebih tinggi (60.7 + 22.5%) berbanding responden yang tidak berpendidikan (26.9 + 12.7%) (p<0.05). Majoriti responden menjawab ‘salah’ bagi soalan berkenaan makanan yang disaran mengambil banyak (72.0%) dan ‘tidak tahu’ (44.7%) bagi soalan berkenaan kumpulan makanan yang diperlukan untuk memperbaiki tisu tubuh. Responden yang berusaha mendapat maklumat kesihatan, rela menyertai program kesihatan, pernah mendapat nasihat diet dan membeli insurans kesihatan menunjukkan min skor pengetahuan pemakanan yang lebih tinggi (p<0.05). Kesimpulannya, tahap pengetahuan dan kesedaran kesihatan di kalangan responden, terutamanya di kalangan warga tua, adalah kurang memuaskan. Oleh itu, program intervensi dan promosi kesihatan perlu dipertingkat untuk meningkatkan kesedaran kesihatan serta pengetahuan pemakanan pesakit diabetes mellitus.

Kata kunci: Diabetes mellitus; kesedaran kesihatan; klinik kesihatan; pengetahuan pemakanan

ABSTRACT

Poor glycaemic control among diabetic patient often relates to poor nutrition knowledge. The present study investigated level of nutrition knowledge and health awareness among diabetic patients at Cheras Health Clinic. A total of 132 respondents (62 men and 70 women) were divided into two categories, adults (30 – 69 years old) (50.8%) and elderly (60 years and above) (49.2%) were involved in this research. An interview based questionnaire was used to collect data of demographic, socioeconomic, level of nutrition knowledge and health awareness. Anthropometric measurements were also recorded. The respondents consisted of 36.4% Malays, 45.5% Chinese and 18.2% Indians. Majority of the respondents had poor glycaemic control (93.6%). Overall, 37.1% respondents were categorized as having poor nutrition knowledge, followed by 31.8% moderate and only 31.1% good. Adults showed a higher (65.6 + 22.1%) nutrition knowledge score than elderly (50.5 + 22.9%) (p<0.05). Besides, respondents with formal education also showed a higher (60.7 + 22.5%) nutrition knowledge score than those without formal education (26.9 + 12.7%) (p<0.05). Majority respondents answered ‘incorrectly’ to question regarding foods to be consumed most (72.0%) and ‘did not know’ foods that were needed to repair body tissues (44.7%). Respondents who had made an effort in finding nutrition information, willing to join health program, bought health insurance and had received dietary advise showed higher nutrition knowledge score (p<0.05). In conclusion, nutritional knowledge and health awareness among diabetic patients were poor. Therefore, an intervention program and health promotion are needed to be carried out to improve health awareness and nutrition knowledge among patients with diabetis mellitus type II.

Keywords: Diabetes mellitus; health awareness; health clinic; nutrition knowledge

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*Corresponding author; email: suzana.shahar@gmail.com