Sains Malaysiana 41(8)(2012): 1001–1004

Effect of ZnO Addition on Structural Properties ofZnO-PANi/Carbon Black Thin Films

(Kesan Penambahan ZnO ke Atas Sifat Struktur Filem Nipis Zno-PANi/Karbon Hitam)

Mohammad Hafizuddin Haji Jumali*, Siti Fariza Binti Mat Tahir,

Norhashimah Ramli, Izura Izzuddin & Muhammad Yahaya

School of Applied Physics, Faculty Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

Muhamad Mat Salleh & Akrajas Ali Umar

Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectric (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

Received: 25 January 2010 / Accepted: 25 March 2011

ABSTRACT

The aim of this project was to investigate the effect of ZnO addition on the structural properties of ZnO-PANi/carbon black thin films. The sol gel method was employed for the preparation of ZnO sol. The sol was dried for 24 h at 100°C and then annealed at 600°C for 5 h. XRD characterization of the ZnO powder showed the formation of wurtzite type ZnO crystals. The ZnO powder were mixed into PANi/carbon black solution which was dissolved into M-Pyrol, N-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidinone (NMP) to produce a composite solution of ZnO-PANi/carbon black. The weight ratio of ZnO were 4 wt%, 6 wt% and 8 wt%. The composite solutions were deposited onto glass substrates using a spin-coating technique to fabricate ZnO-PANi/carbon black thin films. AFM characterization showed the decreasing of average roughness from 7.98 nm to 2.23 nm with the increment of ZnO addition in PANi/carbon black films. The thickness of the films also decreased from 59.5 nm to 28.3 nm. FESEM image revealed that ZnO-PANi/carbon black thin films have changed into agglomerated surface morphology resulting in the increment of porosity of the films.

Keywords: Sol gel method; spin coating technique; structural properties; ZnO thin film

ABSTRAK

Tujuan kertas ini dijalankan adalah untuk mengkaji kesan penambahan ZnO ke atas sifat dan struktur filem nipis ZnO-PANi/karbon hitam. Serbuk ZnO disediakan melalui kaedah sol gel dengan sol tersebut telah dikeringkan selama 24 jam pada suhu 100°C dan diikuti dengan proses sepuh lindap pada suhu 600°C selama 5 jam. Pencirian XRD terhadap serbuk ZnO menunjukkan pembentukan hablur ZnO jenis wurzite. Kemudian, serbuk ZnO tersebut dicampur dengan larutan PANi/karbon hitam yang telah dilarutkkan di dalam M-Pyrol, N-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidinone (NMP) bagi menghasilkan larutan komposit ZnO-PANi/karbon hitam. Tiga amaun serbuk ZnO yang diuji ialah 4wt%, 6wt% dan 8wt%. Seterusnya larutan komposit dimendapkan ke atas substrat kaca menggunakan teknik salutan titisan bagi menghasilkan filem nipis ZnO-PANi/karbon hitam. Pencirian AFM menunjukkan pengurangan purata kekasaran daripada 7.98 nm kepada 2.23 nm dengan penambahan ZnO dalam filem nipis PANi/karbon hitam. Ketebalan filem nipis tersebut juga berkurang daripada 59.5 nm kepada 28.3 nm. Manakala imej FESEM menunjukkan bahawa morfologi permukaan filem nipis ZnO-PANi/karbon hitam berubah menjadi semakin bergumpal dengan pertambahan amaun ZnO dan memberi kesan terhadap keporosan filem nipis tersebut.

Kata kunci: Filem nipis Zn; kaedah sol gel; sifat struktur; teknik salutan titisan

REFERENCES

Dimitrov, A.O. Dikovska, Atanasov P.A., Stoyanchov, T.R. & Vasilev, T. 2008. Al doped ZnO thin films for gas sensor application. Journal of Physics: Conference Series 113: 012044.

Dutta & De. S.K. 2007. Optical and nonlinear electrical properties of SnO2-polyaniline nanocomposites. Materials Letters 61: 4967-4971.

He. 2004. Preparation of polyaniline/nano-ZnO composites via a novel Pickering emulsion route. Powder Technology 147: 59-63.

Lupan, S. Shishiyanu, Chow, L. & Shishiyanu, T. 2008. Nanostructured zinc oxide gas sensors by successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction method and rapid photothermal processing. Thin Solid Films 516: 3338-3345.

Lange, Roznyatovskaya N.V. & Mirsky V.M. 2008. Review article: Conducting polymers in chemical sensors and arrays. Analytica Chimica Acta 614: 1-26.

Rajesh, T. Ajuha, D. Kumar. 2009. Review: Recent progress in the development of nano-stuctured conducting polymers/nanocomposites for sensor applications. Sensors and Actuators B 136: 275-286.

Sharma, A.K., Gupta, N., Khare, S.K., Dhawan, H.C. & Gupta. 2009. Synthesis and characterization of polyaniline-ZnO composite and its dielectric behaviour. Synthetic Metals 159: 391-395.

Sharma, M.V.S., Suryanarayana, A.K. Nigam, A.S., Chauhan, L.N.S. & Tomar. 2009. [PANi/ZnO] composite: Catalyst for solvent-free selective oxidation of sulfides. Catalysis Communications 10: 905-912.

Tai, Y. Jiang, G. Xie, J. Yu X. Chen. 2007. Fabrication and gas sensitivity of polyaniline-titanium dioxide nanocomposite thin film. Sensors and Actuators B 125: 644-650.

Wang, I. Matsubara, N. Murayama, S. Woosuck, N. Izu. 2006. The preparation of polyaniline intercalated MoO3 thin film and its sensitivity to volatile organic compounds. Thin Solid Films 514: 329-333.

*Corresponding author; email: hafizhj@ukm.my