Sains Malaysiana 42(1)(2013): 19–24

Isolation of Lactobacillus from Periodontally Healthy Subjects and its Antimicrobial

Activity against Periodontal Pathogens

(Pemencilan Lactobacillus pada Subjek Gusi Sihat dan Aktiviti Antimikrobnya Terhadap Patogen Gusi)

Azizah Ahmad Fauzi & Zaleha Shafiei

Department of Clinical Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur Campus, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Badiah Baharin & Nurulhuda Mohd

Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

Kuala Lumpur Campus, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Received: 20 December 2011/Accepted: 28 May 2012

ABSTRACT

Bacteriocin or Bacteriocin like inhibitory substances (BLIS) is a protein antibiotic that has a relatively narrow spectrum of killing activity. It could potentially serve as a natural alternative to antibiotics in reducing the development of multi-drug resistant bacteria. Antimicrobial activity of the strains of Lactobacillus sp. isolated from healthy subjects (test strains) against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and other periodontal pathogens (indicator strains) isolated from subgingival plaques of aggressive periodontitis patients were determined by using deferred antagonism test and agar-well diffusion method. Strains of Lactobacillus sp., Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and black pigmented bacteria were selectively isolated from TJA, TSBV and TSBA agars, respectively. Mean diameter zone of inhibition of at least 10 mm was considered as positive results for both methods. Out of 25 strains of Lactobacillus sp. screened, only eight test strains of Lactobacillus sp. showed the specific antimicrobial activity against certain strains of indicator periodontal pathogens during deferred antagonism test. However, out of eight potential strains, only three strains, which were Lactobacillus sp. strain S, Lactobacillus sp. strain V and Lactobacillus sp. strain W consistently showed positive inhibitory activity against black pigmented bacteria by deferred antagonism test and agar-well diffusion method. Therefore, these three strains should be considered as potential BLIS producer strains for further study.

Keywords: Antimicrobial activity; Lactobacillus sp.; periodontally healthy subjects; periodontal pathogens

ABSTRAK

Bakteriosin atau bahan perencat seakan bakteriosin (BLIS) merupakan protein antibiotik yang mempunyai medan aktiviti pembunuhan yang sempit. Ia berpotensi sebagai produk alternatif antibiotik semula jadi dalam mengurangkan peningkatan bakteria yang rentan terhadap pelbagai dadah. Aktiviti antimikrob strain Lactobacillus sp. yang dipencilkan daripada subjek sihat (strain ujian) terhadap strain Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans dan pathogen gusi yang lain (strain penentu) yang dipencilkan daripada plak subgingiva pesakit periodontitis agresif ditentukan dengan menggunakan kaedah ujian penentangan tertangguh dan resapan telaga-agar. Strain Lactobacillus sp., Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans dan bakteria pigmen hitam telah dipencilkan secara terpilih pada agar TJA, TSBV dan TSBA. Purata diameter zon perencatan yang lebih atau sama dengan 10 mm merupakan hasil positif bagi kedua-dua kaedah. Sebanyak 25 strain Lactobacillus sp. telah dikaji, namun hanya lapan strain ujian Lactobacillus sp. telah menunjukkan aktiviti antimikrob yang spesifik terhadap strain pathogen gusi tertentu semasa ujian penentangan tertangguh. Walau bagaimanapun, daripada lapan strain yang berpotensi tersebut, hanya tiga strain iaitu Lactobacillus sp. strain S, Lactobacillus sp. strain V and Lactobacillus sp. strain W secara tetap telah menunjukkan aktiviti perencatan yang positif terhadap bakteria pigmen hitam menggunakan kaedah ujian penetangan tertangguh dan resapan telaga-agar. Oleh yang demikian, ketiga-tiga strain tersebut seharusnya dianggap berpotensi sebagai penghasil BLIS untuk kajian lanjut.

Kata kunci: Aktiviti antimikrob; Lactobacillus sp.; patogen gusi; subjek dengan gusi sihat

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*Corresponding author; email: zalehashafiei@yahoo.com