Sains Malaysiana 42(6)(2013): 707–713

Psidium guajava Fruit Peel Extract Reduces Oxidative Stress of Pancreas in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats

(Ekstrak Kulit Buah Psidium guajava Menurunkan Tekanan Oksidatif Pankreas

pada Tikus Diabetes Aruhan Streptozotosin)

Siti Balkis Budin*, Hawa Ismail & Pek Lian Chong

Biomedical Science Program, School of Diagnostic and Applied Health Sciences

Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala LumpurMalaysia

Received: 8 August 2012/Accepted: 15 November 2012

ABSTRACT

Abundant natural products with medicinal properties have been used as food and traditional medicine for diabetes mellitus all over the world. Psidium guajava fruit from the family of Myrtaceae has gained attention for its antioxidant potential. This study was conducted to determine the effects of P. guajava fruit peel aqueous extract on oxidative stress of pancreas in streptozotocin-induced (45 mg/kg) diabetic rats. Diabetic rats were administered with 400 mg/kg of aqueous extract of P. guajava fruit peel daily for 28 days duration. The results showed that diabetic rats supplemented with P. guajava extract did not cause significant difference in blood glucose level (p>0.05) as compared with diabetic rats alone. For oxidative stress evaluation, malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl level were significantly lower and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) level were significantly higher (p<0.05) in P. guajava supplemented rats compared with non-supplemented diabetic rats. However, histological observation showed that supplementation of P. guajava extract did not give protective effects towards alterations in pancreas histology in diabetic rats. The findings suggested that aqueous extract of P. guajava fruit peel supplementation has the ability to reduce oxidative stress in pancreas of diabetic rats and may play a role in reducing the development of diabetic complications.

Keywords: Antioxidant; histopathology; lipid peroxidation; Psidium guajava; type 1 diabetes

ABSTRAK

Pelbagai bahan semula jadi yang dilengkapi ciri-ciri perubatan telah digunakan sebagai sumber makanan serta ubat tradisi untuk pesakit diabetes melitus di seluruh dunia. Kulit buah Psidium guajava yang berasal daripada keluarga Myrtaceae telah mendapat perhatian penyelidik untuk mengetahui potensi antioksidannya. Penyelidikan ini dijalankan untuk menentukan kesan ekstrak akueus kulit buah P. guajava terhadap tekanan oksidatif pankreas pada tikus diabetes aruhan streptozotosin (45 mg/kg). Tikus diabetes telah diberi 400 mg/kg ekstrak akueus kulit buah P. guajava setiap hari untuk 28 hari. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa tiada perbezaan signifikan (p>0.05) pada aras glukosa darah tikus diabetes yang menerima suplementasi P. guajava berbanding tikus diabetes yang tidak menerima suplementasi. Untuk penilaian tekanan oksidatif, tikus diabetes yang disuplementasi P. guajava mempunyai aras malondialdehid (MDA) dan karbonil protein (PC) yang lebih rendah serta aktiviti superoksida dismutase (SOD) dan aras glutation (GSH) yang lebih tinggi secara signifikan (p<0.05) berbanding tikus diabetes tidak disuplementasi. Walau bagaimanapun, analisis histologi menunjukkan berlaku kerosakan pankreas pada kumpulan tikus diabetes tidak dapat dibaiki dengan supplementasi P. guajava. Hasil kajian telah menunjukkan bahawa ekstrak akueus kulit buah P. guajava berpotensi menurunkan tekanan oksidatif tisu pankreas pada tikus diabetes dan berkemungkinan dapat berperanan dalam mengurangkan komplikasi diabetes.

Kata kunci: Antioksidan; diabetes jenis 1; histopatologi; peroksidasi lipid; Psidium guajava

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*Corresponding author; email: balkis6466@yahoo.com.my