Sains Malaysiana 42(7)(2013): 893–902

Combined UV/Fenton and SBR Treatment of a Semi-aerobic Landfill Leachate

(Penggabungan Rawatan UV/Fenton dan SBR untuk Larut Resapan dari

Tapak Pelupusan Semi-aerobik)

Gan Chin Heng* & Malay Chaudhuri

Department of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS

Bandar Seri Iskandar, 31750 Tronoh, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia

Emad Soliman Elmolla

Department of Civil Engineering, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt

Received: 5 May 2011/Accepted: 23 January 2013

ABSTRACT

This study examined the combined UV/Fenton and sequencing batch biological reactor (SBR) treatment of a semi-aerobic landfill leachate. Fenton pretreatment of the leachate was optimized by the response surface methodology (RSM). UV/Fenton pretreatment of the leachate was performed under the optimum operating conditions of the Fenton pretreatment (H₂O₂/COD molar ratio 2.25, H₂O₂/Fe²⁺ molar ratio 10.0 and reaction/irradiation time 1.5 h). The characteristics of the UV/Fenton pretreated leachate were: COD 390 mg/L, sCOD 330 mg/L, BOD5 136 mg/L, BOD₅/COD ratio 0.35, NH₃-N 112 mg/L, TKN 157 mg/L, NO₃--N 6.8 mg/L and colour 99 Pt-Co Unit. SBR treatment of the UV/Fenton pretreated leachate resulted in sCOD, BOD₅ and NH₃-N removal of 78%, 81% and 88%, respectively. The final effluent characteristics were: COD 92 mg/L, sCOD 71 mg/L, BOD₅ 26 mg/L, NH₃-N 7 mg/L, NO₃--N 27 mg/L, TKN 13 mg/L and TSS 38 mg/L. The effluent met the Malaysian discharge standard (B) – COD 100 mg/L, BOD₅ 50 mg/L and TSS 100 mg/L. Combined UV/Fenton and SBR is an effective treatment for mature leachate from semi-aerobic landfill.

Keywords: Mature landfill leachate; response surface methodology (RSM); sequencing batch biological reactor (SBR); UV/Fenton

ABSTRAK

Kajian ini adalah untuk menyelidik tentang penggabungan rawatan UV/Fenton dan reaktor biologi kumpulan jujukan (SBR) untuk larut resapan dari tapak pelupusan yang semi-aerobik. Rawatan awalan dengan Fenton dioptimumkan oleh kaedah sambutan permukaan (RSM) terhadap larut resapan. Rawatan awalan untuk larut resapan dengan UV/Fenton dilaksanakan di bawah keadaan optimum daripada rawatan awalan dengan Fenton (H₂O₂/COD 2.25, nisbah molar H₂O₂/Fe²⁺ 10.0 dan masa tindak balas selama 1.5 jam). Ciri-ciri larut resapan selepas rawatan UV/Fenton adalah: COD 390 mg/L, sCOD 330 mg/L, BOD₅ 136 mg/L, nisbah BOD₅/COD 0.35, NH₃-N 112 mg/L, TKN 157 mg/L, NO₃--N 6.8 mg/L dan warna 99 Pt-Co Unit. Rawatan SBR untuk larut resapan selepas UV/Fenton memberi keputusan dalam sCOD, BOD₅ dan NH3-N dengan penyingkiran 78%, 81% dan 88% masing-masing. Ciri-ciri efluen akhir adalah: COD 92 mg/L, sCOD 71 mg/L, BOD5 26 mg/L, NH₃-N 7 mg/L, NO₃--N 27 mg/L, TKN 13 mg/L dan TSS 38 mg/L. Efluen tersebut memenuhi syarat-syarat dalam Akta Kualiti Alam Sekitar – COD 100 mg/L, BOD₅ 50 mg/L dan TSS 100 mg/L. Penggabungan rawatan UV/Fenton dan SBR merupakan satu rawatan yang efektif untuk larut resapan dari tapak pelupusan yang semi-aerobik.

Kata kunci: Kaedah sambutan permukaan (RSM); larut resapan yang lama; reaktor biologi kumpulan jujukan (SBR);  UV/Fenton

REFERENCES

Amokrane, A., Comel, C. & Veron, J. 1997. Landfill leachates pre-treatment by coagulation flocculation. Water Research 31: 2775-2782.

Andreozzi, R., Canterino, M., Marotta, R. & Paxeus, N. 2005. Antibiotic removal from wastewaters: The Ooonation of amoxicillin. Journal of Hazardous Materials 122: 243-250.

APHA. 2005. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 21st ed. American Public Health Association, Washington D. C., USA.

Beg, Q., Sahai, V. & Gupta, R. 2003. Stastiscal media optimization and alkaline protease production from Bacillus mojavensis in a bioreactor. Process Biochemistry 39: 203-209.

Bezerra, M.A., Santelli, R.E., Oliveira, E.P., Villar, L.S. & Escaleira, L.A. 2008. Response surface methodology (RSM) as a tool for optimization in analytical chemistry. Talanta 76: 965-977.

Chamarro, E., Marco, E. & Esplugas, S. 2001. Use of Fenton reagent to improve organic chemical biodegradability. Water Research 35: 1047-1051.

Cortez, S., Teixeira, P., Oliveira, R. & Mota, M. 2011. Evaluation of Fenton and ozone-based advanced oxidation process as mature landfill leachate pre-treatment. Journal of Environmental Management 92: 749-755.

de Morais, J.L. & Zamora, P.P. 2005. Use of advanced oxidation processes to improve the biodegradability of mature landfill leachates. Journal of Hazardous Materials B123: 181-186.

Deng, Y. 2007. Physical and oxidative removal of organics during Fenton treatment of mature municipal landfill leachate. Journal of Hazardous Materials 146: 334-340.

Deng, Y. & Englehardt, J.D. 2006. Treatment of landfill leachate by the Fenton process. Water Research 40: 3683-3694.

EQA. 2007. Environmental Quality Act 1974 (Act 127) and Subsidiary Legislations. Amendment 5 (May 2007). Kuala Lumpur: International Law Book Service.

Guo, J-S., Abbas, A.A., Chen, Y-P., Liu, Z-P., Fang, F. & Chen, P. 2010. Treatment of landfill leachate using a combined stripping, Fenton, SBR, and coagulation process. Journal of Hazardous Materials 178: 699-705.

Hach. 2003. Water Analysis Handbook. 4th ed. Loveland, CO, USA: Hach Company.

Heng, G.C., Elmolla, E.S. & Chaudhuri, M. 2009. Physicochemical pretreatment of landfill leachate. Presented at 2nd International Conference on Engineering Technology 2009 (ICET 2009), Kuala Lumpur (8-10 December).

Hermosilla, D., Cortijo, M. & Huang, C.P. 2009. Optimizing the treatment of landfill leachate by conventional Fenton and photo-Fenton processes. The Science of the Total Environment 407: 3473-3481.

Joseph, J.M., Destaillats, H., Huang, H.M. & Hoffmann, M.R. 2000. The sonochemical degradation of azobenzene and related azo dyes: Rate enhancements via Fenton’s reactions. Journal of Physical Chemistry A104: 301-307.

Kang, Y.W., Cho, M.J. & Hwang, K.Y. 1999. Correction of hydrogen peroxide interference on standard chemical oxygen demand test. Water Research 33: 1247-1251.

Khuri, A.I. & Cornell, J.A. 1996. Response Surfaces: Design and Analyses. 2nd ed. New York, USA: Marcel Dekker Inc.

Kim, J.S., Kim, H.Y., Won, C.H. & Kim, J.G. 2001. Treatment of leachate produced in stabilized landfills by coagulation and Fenton oxidation process. Journal of the Chinese Institute of Chemical Engineers 32: 425-429.

Kim, Y.K. & Huh, I.R. 1997. Enhancing biological treatability of landfill leachate by chemical oxidation. Environmental Engineering Science 14: 73-79.

Kim, Y.W. & Hwang, K.Y. 2000. Effects of reaction conditions on the oxidation efficiency in the Fenton process. Water Research 34: 2786-2790.

Li, X.Z., Zhao, Q.L. & Hao, X.D. 1999. Ammonium removal from landfill leachate by chemical precipitation. Waste Management 19: 409-415.

Liu, Z-P., Guo, J-S., Abbas, A.A. & Fang, F. 2010. Removal characteristics of DOM in landfill leachate by Fenton-SBR process. Journal of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering 32: 96-100.

Lopez, A., Pagano, M., Volpe, A. & Di Pinto, A.C. 2004. Fenton’s pretreatment of mature landfill leachate. Chemosphere 54: 1005-1010.

Mandal, T., Maity, S., Dasgupta, D. & Datta, S. 2010. Advanced oxidation process and biotreatment: Their roles in combined industrial wastewater treatment. Desalination 250: 87-94.

Mace, S. & Mata-Alvarez, J. 2002. Review of SBR technology for wastewater treatment: An overview. Industrial Engineering and Chemistry Research 41: 5539-5553.

Mason, R.L., Gunst, R.F. & Hess, J.L. 2003. Statistical Design and Analysis of Experiments, with Applications to Engineering and Science. 2nd ed. New York, USA: Wiley.

Olmez, T. 2009. The optimization of Cr(VI) reduction and removal by electrocoagulation using response surface methodology. Journal of Hazardous Materials 162: 1371-1378.

Pignatello, J.J., Liu, D. & Huston, P. 1999. Evidence for an additional oxidant in the photo assisted Fenton reaction. Environmental Science and Technology 33: 1832-1839.

Sarria, V., Parra, S., Adler, N., Péringer, P., Benítez, N. & Pulgarín, C. 2002. Recent developments in the coupling of photoassisted and aerobic biological processes for the treatment of biorecalcitrant compounds. Catalysis Today 76: 301-315.

Talinli, I. & Anderson, G.K. 1992. Interference of hydrogen peroxide on the standard COD Test. Water Research 26: 107-110.

Tatsi, A.A., Zouboulis, A.I., Matis, K.A. & Samaras P. 2003. Coagulation-flocculation pretreatment of sanitary landfill leachates. Chemosphere 53: 737-744.

Ting, W-P., Lu, M-C. & Huang, Y-H. 2008. Kinetics of 2,6-Dimethylaniline degradation by electro-Fenton process. Journal of Hazardous Materials 161: 1484-1490.

*Corresponding author; email: chgan26@yahoo.co.uk