Sains Malaysiana 43(4)(2014): 543–550

Population Density and Antibiotic Resistant of Bacteria from Bivalve

(Perna viridis and Anadara granosa)

(Kepadatan Populasi dan Kerintangan Antibiotik oleh Bakteria daripada Bivalvia

(Perna viridis dan Anadara granosa))

ASMAT AHMAD¹*, NUR DIANA MEHAT², RAHIMI HAMID¹& GIRES USUP²

¹School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

²School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

Received: 19 February 2013/Accepted: 5 August 2013

ABSTRACT

This study was carried out to know the bacteria population density in the blood cockle (Anadara granosa) and green lipped mussel (Perna viridis), to analyse the bacteria resistance towards antibiotics and antimicrobial activity of isolates against selected pathogen. Samples of blood cockle and green lipped mussel were obtained from five areas in Kedah and Negeri Sembilan. Bacterial population densities in mussels and cockles were 3 × 10² - 8 × 10⁸ CFU/mL and 5 × 10² - 5 × 10⁸ CFU/mL, respectively. A total of 162 isolates were obtained, of which 131 isolates were from mussels and 31 isolates were from cockles. Vibrio sp. was the most dominant genus in both types of samples. Antibiotic testing of all isolates showed most were resistant to Penicillin (10 U) and most were sensitive to Ciprofloxacin (5 µg). Most isolates (160/162) showed resistance to at least two antibiotics and 10 isolates were resistant to more than five antibiotics. Multiple antibiotic resistance indices (MAR) were calculated based on the antibiotic resistance results. Most isolates had a MAR index value of 0.2 which indicated the isolates were not contaminated with antibiotic residues. The highest index value was 0.7. Fifteen out of 39 isolates which produced beta-lactamase enzyme were tested for antimicrobial activity against selected pathogen. Results indicated that antimicrobial activity were varies among the isolates. Isolate SMII-Ip produced antimicrobial activity against six out of the nine tested pathogen and none of the isolates active against Pseudomonas mirabilis.

Keywords: Anadara granosa; antibiotic; antimicrobial; population density; Perna viridis

ABSTRAK

Kajian ini dijalankan bagi mengetahui kepadatan populasi bakteria daripada kerang (Anadara granosa) serta kupang (Perna viridis), menganalisis kerintangan bakteria terhadap antibiotik serta aktiviti antimikrob oleh pencilan terhadap patogen pilihan. Sampel kerang dan kupang telah diperolehi dari lima kawasan perairan Kedah dan Negeri Sembilan. Kepadatan populasi bakteria pada kupang adalah 3 × 10² - 8 × 10⁸ CFU/mL dan kerang 5 × 10² - 5 × 10⁸ CFU/mL Sebanyak 162 pencilan telah berjaya dipencilkan, dengan 131 pencilan adalah daripada kupang dan 31 daripada kerang. Vibrio sp. merupakan genus paling dominan daripada kedua-dua sampel. Ujian kerintangan antibiotik terhadap semua pencilan menunjukkan kebanyakan isolat rintang terhadap Penisilin (10 U) dan sensitif terhadap Ciprofloksasin (5 µg). Hampir semua pencilan (160/162) rintang terhadap sekurangnya-kurangnya dua antibiotik dan 10 pencilan rintang terhadap lebih daripada lima antibiotik. Kiraan indeks Antibiotik Pelbagai Rintang (MAR) berdasarkan hasil ujian kerintangan antibiotik telah dijalankan. Kebanyakan isolat mempunyai nilai indeks MAR 0.2 yang bermakna pencilan tidak terdedah kepada pencemaran antibiotik. Nilai indeks MAR tertinggi adalah 0.7. Sebanyak 15 daripada 37 pencilan yang menghasilkan enzim beta-laktamase telah diuji aktiviti antimikrob terhadap mikrob pathogen terpilih. Hasil menunjukkan aktiviti antimikrob yang berbeza bagi pencilan yang berbeza. Pencilan SMII-Ip menghasilkan aktiviti antimikrob terhadap enam daripada sembilan pathogen yang diuji dan tidak terdapat pencilan yang aktif merencat Pseudomonas mirabilis.

Kata kunci: Anadara granosa; antibiotik; antimikrob; kepadatan populasi; Perna viridis

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*Corresponding author; email: drasmart@gmail.com