Sains Malaysiana 43(9)(2014): 1355-1362

Characterization of Spatial Patterns in River Water Quality Using Chemometric Techniques

(Pengenalpastian Corak Reruang Kualiti Air Sungai Menggunakan Teknik Kimometrik)

NORSHIDAH BAHARUDDIN¹, NOR'ASHIKIN SAIM²*, SHARIFUDDIN M. ZAIN³,

HAFIZAN JUAHIR⁴, ROZITA OSMAN² & AZIAH AZIZ¹

¹Sirim Berhad, 40700 Shah Alam, Selangor, D.E. Malaysia

²Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, D.E.

Malaysia

³Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 56000 Kuala Lumpur

Malaysia

⁴East Coast Environmental Research Institute (ESERI), Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin

21300 Kuala Terengganu,Malaysia

Received: 28 November 2013/Accepted: 31 January 2014

ABSTRACT

Water pollution has become a growing threat to human society and natural ecosystem in recent decades, increasing the need to better understand the variabilities of pollutants within aquatic systems. This study presents the application of two chemometric techniques, namely, cluster analysis (CA) and principal component analysis (PCA). This is to classify and identify the water quality variables into groups of similarities or dissimilarities and to determine their significance. Six stations along Kinta River, Perak, were monitored for 30 physical and chemical parameters during the period of 1997-2006. Using CA, the 30 physical and chemical parameters were classified into 4 clusters; PCA was applied to the datasets and resulted in 10 varifactors with a total variance of 78.06%. The varifactors obtained indicated the significance of each of the variables to the pollution of Kinta River.

Keywords: Chemometrics; cluster analysis; ecosystems; principal component analysis

ABSTRAK

Pencemaran air telah menjadi satu ancaman yang semakin meningkat kepada masyarakat dan ekosistem sejak kebelakangan ini dan ini memerlukan kajian berkaitan dengan punca pencemaran dalam sistem akuatik. Kajian ini menggunakan dua teknik kimometriks di dalam penganalisaan data, iaitu, analisis pengelasan (CA) dan analisis prinsip komponen (PCA). Teknik ini adalah untuk mengenal pasti dan mengelaskan pembolehubah kualiti air ke dalam kumpulan persamaan atau ketidaksamaan dan untuk menentukan kepentingannya terhadap kualiti air Sungai Kinta. Enam stesen di sepanjang Sungai Kinta telah dipantau untuk 30 parameter fizikal dan kimia dalam tempoh 1997-2006. Menggunakan kaedah CA, 30 parameter fizikal dan kimia telah dikelaskan kepada 4 kelompok; PCA telah digunakan untuk dataset dan menghasilkan 10 varifaktor dengan varians 78.06%. Varifaktor yang diperoleh menunjukkan kepentingan setiap pembolehubah terhadap pencemaran di Sungai Kinta.

Kata kunci: Analisis kluster; analisis komponen utama; ekosistem; kimometriks

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*Corresponding author; email: noras691@salam.uitm.edu.my